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activities in Kanisius Notoyudan elementary schools and experience in teaching the second grade of elementary school students were combined with Task-Based
Learning as the method and became the basic in designing the materials. English books for children and video from Magic English were also used as references to
develop the designed materials.
3. Post-design
Post-design aimed to get the opinions and evaluation from the respondents to make some revision and improvement to the designed materials. It is important
to get the opinions and evaluation from the respondents to make some revision and improvement to the designed materials. The evaluation was conducted to give
the information about: 1.
Whether the instructional goals and objectives were formulated properly. 2.
Whether the design materials matched with the goals and objectives. 3.
Whether the design materials would make the students easier to comprehend the content of the materials.
4. Whether the tasks were appropriate to improve students’ vocabulary mastery.
5. Whether the use of Task-Based Learning was appropriate to reinforce students
in mastering vocabulary. 6.
Whether the designed materials could be applied to teach English for the second grade of Kanisius Notoyudan Elementary school.
B. Respondents of the Research
The respondents of this study were divided into two; those are pre- designed respondents and post-designed respondents.
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1. Pre- Design Respondents
The respondents of the pre-design were ten English elementary schools instructors and the two instructors of second grade of Kanisius Notoyudan
elementary school. The reason to choose English instructors who taught in the elementary schools was that their experience and knowledge about teaching in the
elementary school could be used to support this study. Their opinions about the second grade of elementary school students’
characteristics, the general condition of teaching learning in the elementary school and the importance of introducing English in the elementary school would help
the writer to design the materials and to choose the appropriate topics. The second grade instructors’ of Kanisius Notoyudan elementary school
were chosen to give the real description about the teaching learning activities and condition in the Kanisius Notoyudan. Their experience in teaching English for
second grade of Kanisius Notoyudan elementary school students, opinions, advice and suggestions could also be used to support this study.
2. Post- Design Respondents
The post- design respondents were two English elementary school teachers and three English Education study program’s lecturers in Sanata Dharma
University. The reason for choosing English elementary school teachers was because they have experience that could be useful to improve the designed
materials. The reason for choosing Sanata Dharma University lecturers as the respondents of the post-design research was because they have a big amount of
knowledge and experience to determine the suitable materials for elementary
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school students. Their suggestion and advice were also needed to improve the designed materials.
C. Instruments of the Research
The instruments in this study were divided into two; those are pre- designed instruments and post-designed instruments. The instruments in this study
to gather data were interview, questionnaire and observation. Further explanation of each instrument could be described below:
1. Pre-Design Instruments
Pre-design instruments were used before the writer designed the materials. There were three pre-designed instruments used in this study, those are:
a. Interview Interview was used because it is flexible Ary, 1979: 174. The direct
relationship provided a cooperative atmosphere in which the truthful information could be obtained. The elaboration of each question could be done if the subjects
did not really understand the questions. There are two kinds of interview; those are unstructured and structured interviews. The writer used unstructured interview
because it is more informal than the structured. Interview, moreover, relaxed atmosphere which is created during the unstructured interview enables to dig
deeper information about the respondents’ view, beliefs, opinion, suggestions and advice through free questions given.
The interview was done to the two instructors of second grade of Kanisius Notoyudan
. The instructors’ experience and knowledge in teaching the second grade of Kanisius Notoyudan elementary school was useful to obtain the
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information about the teaching learning activities in the second grade of Kanisius Notoyudan
elementary school. b. Questionnaire
The second instrument in gathering the data was questionnaire. The questionnaire enables the writer to gather information from larger respondents
Ary, ibid. The questionnaires were distributed to the ten of elementary schools instructors before the writer designed the materials. It was used to get the general
opinion about the importance English for elementary school students, the importance of vocabulary, the difficulties in teaching elementary school students,
the importance of task in teaching learning activities and to find the appropriate topics for second grade of elementary school students.
c. Class Observation The third instrument was class observation. It was used to obtain the
complete description of the behavior in a specific natural setting Ary, 2002: 430. There are two kinds of observation, those are; participant and non-participant
observation. Those two kinds of observation were used by the writer. The participant observation was used to get the experience in teaching the
second grade of Kanisius Notoyudan elementary school. The non-participant was used to know the teaching learning activities in Kanisius Notoyudan elementary
school and the students’ attitudes in the classroom . The observation was done in the second grade of Kanisius Notoyudan elementary school from the end of July
up to in the early of September before the writer designed the materials.
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2. Post-Design Instrument
In post-design instrument, the writer only used questionnaire as the instrument. The questionnaires were distributed to three English lecturers of
Sanata Dharma and two Kanisius Notoyudan’s English instructors after the writer designed the materials. The questionnaires were used to evaluate the designed
materials. Their suggestions and advice would be used as the consideration to revise the designed materials.
There were two parts of the questionnaire. The first part was to obtain the information about respondents’ identity. The second part is about the respondents’
opinion on the designed materials to make some improvements.
D. Data Gathering
