Problem Formulation Dr. Ir. Bambang Hermiyanto, MP

21 activities, melasti ceremonies, nganyut resulting in a conflict of interest in the utilization of water Ayung river Bappeda Bali, 2002. Land use in the upstream of Ayung watersheds dominated mixed farms, fields, shrubs untreated soil and water conservation as well. Such conditions can lead to erosion and land degradation, which in turn lowers the productivity of the land. Ayung river watersehd, especially in the central part of the district of Gianyar, along the banks of the river overlooking the gorge built tourism support facilities such as hotels and restaurants should have conservation areas, while in the lower part of the Ayung watersehed occurred dominant land conversion to settlements and tourism services. The rate of land conversion occurs rapidly from farm to non farm, so that land cover reduced. The downstream area of green open space for city area of green open RTHK is reduced, because it was built for residential areas, especially the opening of Land Consolidation LC, and even in 2013 is estimated at about 100 ha of paddy fields in Denpasar turned into LC Dinas Tata Ruang dan Perumahan, 2013. Overcome issue mentioned, the necessary improvement of the condition of watersheds with soil and water conservation, so that controlled reciprocal relationship the natural resources wand watershed environment with human activities, so preservation of to the environment and human welfare.

1.2 Problem Formulation

Formulated the problem is as follows: 1 How the discharge of Ayung watershed? 2 How does the level of erosion of Ayung watershed? 3 What is the 22 income of farmers in the Ayung watershed? and 4 How is the effect of land use change on discharge and the level of erosion in the Ayung watershed? II. THINGKING FRAMEWORK, CONCEPT, AND RESEARCH HYPOTHESES 2.1 Thingking Framework Ayung watershed faced the problems, the conversion of land use from agricultural to non- agricultural, which resulted in a lack of land cover by vegetation, the impact it is erosion. Erosion caused the loss of fertile soil layer, sedimentation in the river, and the river water flow decreases. Discharge DAS analyzed using a model SWAT Ardiansyah et al., 2005; Mosher, 2004; Notter, 2009. Changes in the hydrological response due to changes in land use can also be seen from the ratio between maximum and minimum flow discharge Prastowo, 2003. This ratio is used as an indicator of whether the management of a watershed successful or not so that it can be known whether a DAS has been damaged or not. If the maximum and minimum of discharge fluctuation is high, meaning that the damaged watershed hydrological function, so it can be said that the function of the watershed has been disturbed and the watershed quality degradasi. In watershed management, in addition to the hydrological conditions, erosion rates, revenue aspect very important role. Farmers income known by analyzing farm income of farmers in the Ayung watershed. Revenue is the total revenue from the main farm and sideline products. Expenditure is the total cost incurred during the production process Soekartawi, 1995. Briefly the thingking framework of the study are presented in Figure 2.1 23 Land use existing Planning of the changes land use Scenarios Simulation AYUNG WATERSEHD CONDITION Figure 2.1 Thinking Framework

2.2 Concept of Research