49 In addition, the investigator triangulation was conducted to check the
reliability and validity of the analysis. According to Flick 2009, triangulation includes different perspectives on an issue under study or in answering the
research question p. 445. In this study, the investigator triangulation was done with different researchers, in order to reduce biases. According to Denzin as cited
in Flick, 2009, investigator triangulation involves different observers to detect or minimize biases resulting from the researcher as a person. It is a systematic
comparison of different researchers’ influences on the results of the research p. 444. In this stage, the researcher consulted the results of the investigation to the
knowledgeable people in translation, such as my thesis advisor, lecturers and fellow researchers who experience a lot in translation.
F. Research Procedure
This research was conducted with the following steps. 1.
Obtaining the available printed translations of batch 2010 students of the ELESP in Sanata Dharma University. The researcher gathered the printed
translation products, particularly that from Indonesian texts into English, from the lecturer in the translation subject who kept the printed translations from
the translation classes. Twelve translations were obtained by a purposive sampling.
2. Listing the noun phrases. NPs in the Indonesian text and the English version
were underlined. To be specific, it was only NPs consisting of Noun Head + minimal 1 Mod. Then the data were typed and located in table in order to ease
the analysis.
50 3.
Classifying the data. After the data were imported in tables, it was observed to separate the correct and incorrect translations. The contexts of the NPs
were presented in order to determine whether the translations were correct or not. The acceptable translations were provided as the corrections for the
incorrect translations. The incorrect translations were classified again into three major categories, namely the complexity of noun head, complexity of
modification, and complexity of genitive and of-phrase. Each case was numbered in order to observe the number of occurrences. In this step,
triangulation was carried out to maintain the reliability and validity of the analysis.
4. Analyzing the data. The data of NPs consisting of Noun Head + minimal 1
Mod. presented in the three major cases were analysed to obtain the syntactic complexities in translating the NPs. The contexts of the NPs in texts became
the consideration in making judgment about the translations. This step was done by referring to the theories discussed in Chapter II.
5. Reporting the findings. After analyzing the data, the researcher discussed and
elaborated the findings using the related literature in Chapter II. Some representative examples were taken from the total data to be discussed, in
order to avoid any unnecessary repetitions. The data that occurred the least were also discussed in particular.
51
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the research results and discusses the answer of the research question. The discussion section is divided into three major parts of
syntactic complexities. They are complexity of phrase noun head, complexity of modification, and complexity of genitive and of-construction. Each of the
complexities is discussed as the following.
A. Overview of the Translation Products
Before discussing the syntactic complexities, this section presents the research results. From twelve texts of translation on Indonesian into English, the
total data of NPs found in the translation products of batch 2010 students of ELESP are 1044 numbers. It consists of four main categories, namely correct
translation, complexity of phrase noun head, complexity of modification, and complexity of genitive and of-construction. The numbers of case occurrences in
each category are presented respectively as follows.
Table 4.1 Number of case occurrence Category
Number
Correct translation 406
Complexity of phrase noun head 278
Complexity of modification 314
Complexity of genitive and of-construction 46
Total data 1044
