Research Participants or Subjects Instruments and Data Gathering Technique

48 translation were excluded from the data. Then, the original and translated NPs were compared. In order to ease the analysis, the data were typed and imported in tables. The instrument to present the data analysis was cross-tabulation. To get precise translations, the contexts of the NPs in texts were also presented. The data were investigated and classified into correct and incorrect translations. In analyzing the data, the researcher used her linguistic intuition to decide whether the translations were correct or not and categorise the data. For incorrect translations, the acceptable versions of the translation were provided. The number of translation texts was also included to recognize the data source. Completely, the data were presented in the table as the following. Table 3.1 Table of data analysis No Text SL TL Acceptable Translation After being classified into correct and incorrect categories, the data of the incorrect translations were categorized again into three major cases of syntactic complexities, namely the complexity of phrase noun head, complexity of modification, and complexity of genitive and of-phrase. The case categories were based on the theories reviewed in Chapter II. Furthermore, the NPs were numbered in order to observe the number of appearance in each category. To investigate the syntactic complexities in translating INPs into ENPs, the incorrect translations and the acceptable versions were discussed based on the theories reviewed in Chapter II. 49 In addition, the investigator triangulation was conducted to check the reliability and validity of the analysis. According to Flick 2009, triangulation includes different perspectives on an issue under study or in answering the research question p. 445. In this study, the investigator triangulation was done with different researchers, in order to reduce biases. According to Denzin as cited in Flick, 2009, investigator triangulation involves different observers to detect or minimize biases resulting from the researcher as a person. It is a systematic comparison of different researchers’ influences on the results of the research p. 444. In this stage, the researcher consulted the results of the investigation to the knowledgeable people in translation, such as my thesis advisor, lecturers and fellow researchers who experience a lot in translation.

F. Research Procedure

This research was conducted with the following steps. 1. Obtaining the available printed translations of batch 2010 students of the ELESP in Sanata Dharma University. The researcher gathered the printed translation products, particularly that from Indonesian texts into English, from the lecturer in the translation subject who kept the printed translations from the translation classes. Twelve translations were obtained by a purposive sampling. 2. Listing the noun phrases. NPs in the Indonesian text and the English version were underlined. To be specific, it was only NPs consisting of Noun Head + minimal 1 Mod. Then the data were typed and located in table in order to ease the analysis.