47 In selecting the translations, purposive sampling was used. Patton 1990
explains that “qualitative inquiry focuses on small number of samples, even single sample, selected purposefully” p. 169. The purposive sampling is used to select
information-rich cases for study in depth Patton, 1990. Furthermore, Krippendorff 2004 adds that relevance sampling, as he mentions, aims at
selecting textual units that contribute to answer the research question p. 119. Specifically, the research employed purposeful random sampling, which focuses
on the credibility, not the representativeness Patton, 1990, p. 179. In this research, the translations were selected based on the score ranging
50-75 from three translation classes consisting of around sixty students of the ELESP batch 2010. It aimed to gain the translations containing many errors in the
NP structure. Finally, twelve printed texts of original and translated versions were obtained in November 2013.
To answer the research question, the selected data were INPs consisting of Noun Head + minimal 1 Mod. and the English translations. In particular, it was to
investigate the syntactic complexities in translating modified NPs from Indonesian into English. From twelve texts on Indonesian into English translation,
1044 data of NPs were found.
E. Data Analysis Technique
The technique on analyzing the data was described as the following. Modified NPs consisting of Noun Head + minimal 1 Mod. in the Indonesian
version were underlined, and so were the English version. To avoid any unnecessary repetition, the same NPs with the same structure in one text of
48 translation were excluded from the data. Then, the original and translated NPs
were compared. In order to ease the analysis, the data were typed and imported in tables. The instrument to present the data analysis was cross-tabulation. To get
precise translations, the contexts of the NPs in texts were also presented. The data were investigated and classified into correct and incorrect translations. In
analyzing the data, the researcher used her linguistic intuition to decide whether the translations were correct or not and categorise the data. For incorrect
translations, the acceptable versions of the translation were provided. The number of translation texts was also included to recognize the data source. Completely,
the data were presented in the table as the following.
Table 3.1 Table of data analysis
No Text
SL TL
Acceptable Translation
After being classified into correct and incorrect categories, the data of the incorrect translations were categorized again into three major cases of syntactic
complexities, namely the complexity of phrase noun head, complexity of modification, and complexity of genitive and of-phrase. The case categories were
based on the theories reviewed in Chapter II. Furthermore, the NPs were numbered in order to observe the number of appearance in each category. To
investigate the syntactic complexities in translating INPs into ENPs, the incorrect translations and the acceptable versions were discussed based on the theories
reviewed in Chapter II.
