19 feelings in terms of concrete entities such as places, substances and containers. In
the interpretation process, a lack of appropriate background knowledge can lead language learners to misunderstand the associations of the metaphorical meanings
contained in the expressions.Stern 2000 adds that requisite condition to apply is necessary for defining the semantic structure or meaning of the metaphorical
expression. In this research, the metaphor interpretation will be contextual-issue- based, not just utterance-based. The metaphor interpretation will be guided by
specific issues raised by context in a broader sense. As one of many methods in metaphor interpretation, Martin 1949 suggest to detects metaphors by comparing
new sentences with an empirically collected metaphor knowledge base and gives some interpretation of metaphorical sentences. The method will prevent fatal
misinterpretation since the same word can be used metaphorically to express many different meanings depends on the contexts. Even the word may express
different metaphorical meaning in the context of the same sentence as uttered by different speakers on different occasions.
B. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The theories used to achieve the findings of this research will be organized in the theoretical framework. The theoretical framework summarizes the theories
form certain researchers. There are two basics theories in this section. 1.
Meanings of the metaphors with verbs In order to answer the first research problem dealing with the metaphorical
meanings behind the verbs, the researcher conducts two phases. The first phase is collecting the expressions which have metaphorical meanings. The researcher
20 sorts and determines whether the expression has metaphorical meaning or not. In
this phase, the theory of Stern 2000 will be the bases.According to Stern 2000, there are four steps needed in order to discriminate between the words used
metaphorically and literally. The first step is to read the entire text-discourse to establish a general understanding of the meaning. The second step is to determine
the lexical units in the text-discourse. The third step is establishing the meaning of each lexical unit in the text in context. This step analyzes how it applies to an
entity, relation, or attribute in the situation evoked by the text or contextual meaning. In the last step, if the contextual meaning is contrasts with the basic
meaning but can be understood in comparison with it, the lexical unit can be marked as metaphorical. In this first phase, the researcher will get the collection
of expressions containing metaphorical meanings and can continue the research to the next phase.
The second phase is conducted after the researcher gets the valid data of the expressions containing metaphorical meanings. The researcher will classify
the collected expressions based on each metaphorical meaning. In this phase, the researcher interprets the metaphorical meaning into literal meaning. In order to get
the precise literal meaning, the researcher consults the dictionaries. In this research, the dictionaries which are consulted are Oxford Advanced Learne
r’s Dictionary
and Cambridge Advanced learner’s Dictionary.
The result of those phases will be the first finding in this research. The collected expressions containing metaphorical meanings will be used to solve the
second research problem.
