50 LUST IS INSANITY. The metaphor concept found in expression containing term
fly was TIME IS MOVING OBJECT. Also, there were two metaphor concepts
found in expression containing term sink presented in this research, namely LIFE IS A STORY and SAD IS DOWN.Most concrete example uses were found from
British National Corpus. The reason might be because British National Corpus provided the code for each expression. The code enabled the researcher to track
the expression sources and get the completed text in order to understand the context of the expression. Thus, the researcher was able to interpret the most
appropriate metaphor concept.
51
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This section consists of conclusions and recommendations. Conclusions aim to conclude the results of the research. The results were the answers of the
research problems. The research problems are 1 What are the meanings of the metaphors with drive, fly, and sink? and 2 What are the concrete example uses of
drive , fly, and sink containing metaphorical meanings in British National Corpus
and Corpus of Contemporary American English? The recommendations referred to the suggestions intended for further research dealing with metaphor
phenomena.
A. Conclusions
In this research, there were two essential points concluded. The first point was the meanings of the metaphors with drive, fly, and sink found in British
National Corpus and Corpus of Contemporary American English. The second point was the concrete example uses of drive, fly, and sink containing
metaphorical meanings in British National Corpus and Corpus of Contemporary American English.
The first point was the researcher found that out of 1,200 expressions as the raw data, there were 43 expressions containing the meanings of the metaphors
with drive, 16 expressions containing the meanings of the metaphors with fly, and 30 expressions containing the meanings of the metaphors with sink found.
52 The researcher categorized the meanings of the metaphors and discovered
seven meanings of the metaphors with drive. The researcher found that the metaphorical meaning to influence something or cause it to make progress became
the most dominant meanings of the metaphors with drive found in the expressions. There were four meanings of the metaphors with fly found in the
expressions. The metaphorical meaning of to move or go quickly was the dominant meanings of the metaphors with fly. The researcher also discovered four
meanings of the metaphors with sink found in the expressions. The most dominant metaphorical meaning of the verb sink was to cause something or someone to fall
or move to a lower level. The second point dealt with the metaphor concepts found in the
expressions. The researcher found three metaphor concepts in expression containing term drive. The metaphor concepts found in expression containing
term drive were LOVE IS MADNESS, ANGER IS INSANITY, and LUST IS INSANITY. The metaphor concept found in expression containing term fly was
TIME IS MOVING OBJECT. Also, there were two metaphor concepts found in expression containing term sink presented in this research, namely LIFE IS A
STORY and SAD IS DOWN. From the two objectives of the research, the researcher discovered the
pattern to interpret the metaphor concept in an expression. In order to find the metaphor concept, the researcher should find the source domain, target domain,
and the correspondence between source domain and target domain. Since the context of the occurrence would give contribution in metaphor concept prediction,
53 an expression might contain more than one metaphor concept. Thus, better
understanding in context and the application of metaphor in everyday language would help to find the appropriate metaphor concept.
B. Recommendations
In this research, the researchers provided recommendation for the English learners and the further researchers. The recommendations were proposed by the
researcher based on the lack and difficulties found in the research. The first matter dealt with the source of the data. Since the Corpus of
Contemporary American English did not provide the code of each expression, the whole context of the expression could not be easily found. In fact, the context of
the expression would affect the metaphorical meaning and metaphor concept interpretation. Although the computerized corpus already accommodated the
researcher in finding the data, the researcher needed to check the grammar of the expression. Since the computerized corpus only provided the recorded data from
written and spoken sources, there was possibility of ungrammatical passages. The other recommendation dealt with the metaphor concept interpreting
phase. Different person would have different point of view regarded with understanding the context of the expression. In fact, there is no settled regulation
in defining the metaphorical meanings and the metaphor concepts. Thus, the researcher should consult f
ormer researchers’ works in which more cases provided as the examples.
54
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