Population and Sample Data Analysis

Newmark’s semantic and communicative translation as the complementary theory. The data are analyzed and the equivalence of each title is classified into formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence, along with the explanation based on the theory. The result of analysis of the equivalence is shown from the chart below: The data above shows that there are 19 translations which are considered as formal equivalence. In formal equivalence, the translation is focused on the lexical meaning, while the structural form of the ST is maintained. Meanwhile, there are 14 translations which are considered as dynamic equivalence. In dynamic equivalence, the translation is focused on the effect of TL readers in receiving sentences with different structural form of TT but conveyed the same meaning as ST. 58 42 5 10 15 20 Formal Equivalence Dynamic Equivalence Chart 1. The Result of Equivalence in the Translation of Agatha Christies Book Titles in Percentage

1. Formal Equivalence

Based on the translation of the titles, there are 21 translations that are included into formal equivalence. The example of the translation considered as formal equivalence is shown below: Table 7. The Example of Formal Equivalence in the Translation of Agatha Christie’s Book Titles Code SL Title Code TL Title 2SLAD Appointment with Death 2TLPM Perjanjian dengan Maut 7SLDA Death in the Air 7TLMU Maut di Udara 8SLDN Death on the Nile 8TLPSN Pembunuhan di Sungai Nil 9SLDW Dumb Witness 9TLSB Saksi Bisu 12SLHP Halloween Party 12TLPH Pesta Halloween 16SLMMD Mrs McGinty’s Dead 16TLMMS Mrs McGinty Sudah Mati 20SLMOE Murder on the Orient Express 20TLPAO Pembunuhan di Atas Orient Express 21SLOTB One, Two, Buckle My Shoe 21TLSDP Satu, Dua, Pasang Gesper Sepatunya 30SLTMB The Mystery of the Blue Train 30TLMKA Misteri Kereta Api Biru 31SLTG Third Girl 31TLGK Gadis Ketiga 32SLTAT Three Act Tragedy 32TLTTB Tragedi Tiga Babak From the data above, the translations with formal equivalence are maintained as close as possible to match lexical, grammatical, and structural form between SL and TL. In other word, the TL text will be maintained as closely as possible to the SL text. The structural form in the Target Language is not much different from the title in the Source Language. Ideas and thoughts of the translator are not involved in this type of equivalence.

i. Data 2

Code SL Title Code TL Title 2SLAD Appointment with Death 2TLPM Perjanjian dengan Maut In this example, the title is translated word-by-word by their literal and lexical meaning. The word Appointment is literally translated into Perjanjian. Both Appointment and Perjanjian are having the similar characteristics that refer to something which is agreed by more than one party. Death is also literally translated into Maut. The meaning of Death and Maut are both dealing with the end of the life of a person or organism. Thus, the lexical and structural form are maintained in the TL which supports the characteristic of formal equivalence. ii. Data 7 Code SL Title Code TL Title 7SLDA Death in the Air 7TLMU Maut di Udara This translation is translated by its literal and lexical meaning. Death is translated into Maut. The meaning of Death and Maut are both dealing with the end of the life of a person or organism. The word Air is also literally translated into Udara. The meaning of Air in this title is the space above the earth Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. This is in accordance with the meaning of the word Udara which is also related with the space above the earth Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Furthermore, the structural form is also maintained in the TL. Thus, formal equivalence is achieved. iii. Data 8 Code SL Title Code TL Title 8SLDN Death on the Nile 8TLPSN Pembunuhan di Sungai Nil The translator translates the title from SL into TL in their literal and lexical meaning. The word Death is translated into Pembunuhan. Both of them have lexical meaning that is dealing with the fact of somebody being killed. Moreover, the word Nile is translated into Sungai Nil. The translator is adding the word Sungai to introduce more detailed information about Nile to the readers. This is done by the translator to adjust the grammatical form in the TL. In its SL form, the word Nile itself is carrying the meaning of the name of a river. Therefore, it is not a must to include the word River in the original title such as Death on the Nile River. This translation is in accordance with the theory of formal equivalence because the lexical and grammatical form between SL and TL are maintained. iv. Data 9 Code SL Title Code TL Title 9SLDW Dumb Witness 9TLSB Saksi Bisu This translation is categorized as formal equivalence since the title is translated by its lexical meaning and the grammatical form is adjusted to meet the