5
Equivalence.
Hatim states that the term equivalence means “the closest possible approximation to ST meaning” 1990:8. It means equivalence would
be achieved if the message contained in the ST can be transferred to the TT
even if the words used are different. Translation Techniques. Molina and Albir define translation
techniques as “procedures to analyze and classify how translation equivalence works.” 2002:509. Thus, technique of translation can be defined as the way
used to translate smaller units of language words, phrases, or expressions from the source language into the target.
Titles. The word title is defined as the name of a book, poem,
painting, piece of music, and other artistic works Oxford, 2010:1569. Furthermore, book titles in this thesis are represented by certain words, idioms,
or phrases. Book title is sometimes referred as a window to see the big picture of the story inside the book.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter provides the previous studies that have been done by other researchers on similar topics and reviews on theories that applied in this
thesis. The previous studies with similar topics to this thesis are taken from Dyahpramesti’s and Violine’s. Each study is reviewed in order to find the
similarities and the differences in doing this thesis. The theories which are going to be used in this thesis also be reviewed and discussed in order to find
the solid ground on which this thesis is carried on.
A. Review of Related Studies
1. Dyahpramesti
’s thesis “The Translation of English Fictional Book Titles Into Indonesian Contexts: A Functionalist Approach
”
This undergraduate thesis discusses the equivalence and acceptability of several English fictional books which are translated into Indonesian. The
equivalence is analyzed by using the functionalist approach as the main theory, along with the assessment of communicative effectiveness theory. The
data for this thesis are taken from books which have thriller or romance genre.
The focus of this present thesis is different from Dyahpramesti’s in a
way that it observes the equivalence using the functionalist approach while this thesis focuses on the e
quivalence based on Nida’s formal and dynamic PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
equivalence. Besides, this thesis also examines the techniques used to write the Indonesian titles and translation techniques used by the translator.
2. Violine’s journal “Translating Titles of Novels: Why and How We
Dont Translate Them”
This journal is written by a professional translator. This journal discusses the translation of
novels’ titles. The purpose of this journal is to explain why translators do or do not translate
novels’ titles and how they translate them. Violine also emphasizes on the titles connotative meaning and
the readers response. This present thesis is different from Violine’s in several aspects,
although it is similar in dealing with the translation of novels’ titles. While
Violine’s only focuses on the translation of the titles, including equivalence, this present thesis also analyzes the techniques used by the translator to write
the Indonesian titles of Agatha Christie’s books.
B. Review of Related Theories
1. Theories of Translation
The first definition of translation according to Newmark is “translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message
andor statement in one language by the same message andor statement in another language.” 1981:7. Here, according to Newmark, translation is an
action to replace the SL with the TL, but still conveys the same message or PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
