Semantic Translation Communicative Translation
Every word translated represents some loss of meaning
The same words similarly translated lose no meaning at all
Translator’s thoughts and ideas are not involved in translating a text
Translator’s thoughts and ideas are involved in translating a text
From the explanation above, the writer noted several similarities of the theories as stated by Nida
’s and Newmark’s. Both Nida and Newmark mention about the form of the message, both semantic and structural form,
which should be as closely as possible with the original text. Moreover, dynamic equivalence and communicative translation also have basic
similarity, to produce a good translation of text and easily understood by the reader.
3. Translation Techniques
Molina and Albir 2002:509 define translation techniques as procedures to analyze and classify how translation equivalence works.
Therefore, method, strategies and techniques need to be distinguished since they are essentially different categories. Strategies and methods are part of
the process, while techniques affect the result Molina and Albir, 2002:507- 508. Thus, translation techniques can be used to translate smaller units of
language words, phrases, or expressions from the SL into the TL. A technique is the result of a choice made by a translator, its validity will
depend on various questions related to the context, the purpose of the translation, audience expectations, and others Molina and Albir, 2002:509.
In this research, to find out and analyze the translation techniques applied by the translator in the translation of Agatha Christie’s book titles,
the writer uses the theory of translation techniques by Molina and Albir 2002: 509-511 as described below along with their examples taken from
Kardimin 2013: 206-210:
a. Adaptation
The purpose of this technique is to replace a Source Text cultural element with one from the Target Text culture.
SL : How’s Jefry?
TL : Bagaimana kabar Jefry?
b. Amplification
The purpose of this technique is to introduce details that are not formulated in the ST: information, explicative paraphrasing. Amplification
is in opposition to reduction. SL : There were some Texans attending the conference
TL : Beberapa warga negara bagian Texas ikut menghadiri konferensi itu
c. Borrowing
The purpose of this technique is to take a word or expression straight from another language. It can be pure without any change or it can be
naturalized to fit the spelling rules in the TL. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
i. Pure Borrowing
SL : Operator TL : Operator
ii. Naturalized Borrowing
SL : Polyjuice TL : Polijus
d. Calque
The purpose of this technique is to translate a foreign word or phrase literally that is common to the TL.
SL : Interest Rate TL : Tingkat Suku Bunga
e. Compensation
The purpose of this technique is to introduce a ST element of information or stylistic effect in another place in the TT because it cannot be
reflected in the same place as in the ST.
SL : A pair of scissors TL : Sebuah gunting
f. Description
The purpose of this technique is to replace term or expression with a description of its form orand function.
