In order to gain data about the students’ speaking performance, the researcher used speaking performance tests. The tests were pretest and posttest so
she was able to know the improvement in students’ speaking skills. To collect all the data, a camera were utilized to record the students’ performance in the
teaching and learning process.
G. Data Analysis Technique
The collected data in this research were analyzed in the form of qualitative and qualitative data. It means that all data gathered from the observations during
the teaching learning process, field notes, tests, and interview before and after the research were analyzed qualitatively.
The quantitative data of this research were obtained from tests. There were supporting data. The results of the students’ speaking performance were analyzed
to find out the means, medians, and the class percentage of the students’ speaking performances. The researcher tried to get the class percentage which pass the
target score of the minimal mastery level criterion Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal. The last, the researcher analyzed the students’ speaking score from pre-test up to
post-test. It was used to know whether students improve their score or not.
H. Validity and Reliability of the Data
The validity in qualitative research was used to measure the quality and acceptability of the research. Anderson in Burns 1999 state that there are five
criteria of research validity. They are democratic, outcome, process, catalytic, and dialog validity.
The democratic validity fulfilled by having discussion with the collaborators. The discussions were not only done in the beginning of the cycle,
but also during the research. The collaborators were given chances to give ideas, comments, and suggestions toward the research. At then of every cycle, some
discussions were held to evaluate the actions had been implemented and to plan the actions in the next cycle.
The outcome validity is related to the notion of actions leading to the result that are successful with the research context. To fulfill this ability, the researcher
formulated some indicators that measure the improvement of the students’ speaking skills.
The catalytic validity is related to the extent to which the researcher allows the participant to deepen their understanding of the social realities of the context
and how they can make change with it. Within the process of the research, the researcher and the collaborators had chances to learn more about the realities in
the teaching and learning process. Also, it also included the English teacher and collaborators as the people who monitored the research.
The process validity is related to the criterion to make the action research believable. To gain this validity, the collaborators, as the observer, collected the
data by observer and video-clipping, taking photographs and field notes during the research. The notes were about anything that happened in the learning and
teaching process.
