Data Collection Technique RESEARCH METHOD

criteria of research validity. They are democratic, outcome, process, catalytic, and dialog validity. The democratic validity fulfilled by having discussion with the collaborators. The discussions were not only done in the beginning of the cycle, but also during the research. The collaborators were given chances to give ideas, comments, and suggestions toward the research. At then of every cycle, some discussions were held to evaluate the actions had been implemented and to plan the actions in the next cycle. The outcome validity is related to the notion of actions leading to the result that are successful with the research context. To fulfill this ability, the researcher formulated some indicators that measure the improvement of the students’ speaking skills. The catalytic validity is related to the extent to which the researcher allows the participant to deepen their understanding of the social realities of the context and how they can make change with it. Within the process of the research, the researcher and the collaborators had chances to learn more about the realities in the teaching and learning process. Also, it also included the English teacher and collaborators as the people who monitored the research. The process validity is related to the criterion to make the action research believable. To gain this validity, the collaborators, as the observer, collected the data by observer and video-clipping, taking photographs and field notes during the research. The notes were about anything that happened in the learning and teaching process. The dialogic validity is the process of peer review that is commonly used in the academic research. This validity was fulfilled by discussing the research finding with the collaborators. The members of the discussion had the same opportunity to express their opinion and gave suggestion for the sake of the improvement of the research. In addition the researcher also used triangulations which are time triangulation and investigators triangulation. Time triangulation used because the data were collected over period of time to identify the factors involved in the change of processes. Regarded to the investigators triangulation, she used more than one observer in the same research setting. The aim of triangulation is to gather multiple perspectives on the situation being studied Burns, 1999:163. In order to ensure the reliability, the researcher took the scores of the students’ speaking performance. She also analyzed the data that are in the form of interview transcripts and field notes to get the same results. Besides, she interviewed the collaborators and the students after the class to obtain the data about the teaching and learning process,. Moreover, the researcher used content validity to get the validity of the quantitative data. Content validity can be fulfilled if the researcher can clearly define the achievement that she are measuring Brown, 2004:22. To gain the content validity, she conducted the speaking performance test according to the standard competence and the basic competence of the curriculum KTSP Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan.