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a. Associative Referential Calling
Associative referential calling means the speaker performs an illocutionary act of calling the hearer by hisher name via referential in-group terms which brings
about a perlocutionary effect such that the hearer feels relieved. The definition above can be explained in two points. Firstly, the vocative
contains an illocutionary act of calling besides containing other illocutionary acts of the matrix sentence. Secondly, since the vocative is included as referential in-group
term which means that the vocative mentions the hearer’s real name, the vocative contains a perlocutionary act of association which brings about a perlocutionary
effect such that the hearer feels relieved. Example:
Karren is lost outside a door room Monica
: You are not giving up already, aren’t you? Karren
: happy Monica Karren comes to her and hugs her
Karren is lost outside a door room. At first, she is disappointed since nobody is willing to help her. When Karren almost gives up, Monica, her old friend, suddenly
comes to help her. Karren then performs a perlocutionary act of association by performing an illocutionary act of calling the hearer’s first name Monica that is
included as a member of in-group terms to express Karren’s happy feeling to Monica.
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b. Dissociative Referential Calling
In dissociative referential calling, the speaker employs an illocutionary act of calling the hearer by hisher name which is included as out-group terms and which
brings about a perlocutionary effect such that the hearer feels disgraced. Thus, the characteristics of dissociative referential calling can be described in
two points. Firstly, the vocative contains an illocutionary act of calling besides employing illocutionary acts of the matrix sentence. Secondly, the vocative is
included as referential out-group term and it hence contains a perlocutionary act of dissociation which brings about a perlocutionary effect such that the hearer feels
disgraced. Example:
Catty Mr. Smith’s wife; Thomas’s lover : Will you come back to me?
Thomas : No.
Catty :
Will you
please forgive
me? Thomas
: a beat Mrs. Smith. Catty turns, disgusted
Catty, Mr. Smith’s wife and also Thomas’s lover, wants Thomas to forgive her and come back to her. Thomas however does not accept her apologize. He then
performs a perlocutionary act of dissociation by employing an illocutionary act of calling Catty with “Mrs. Smith”. In short, Thomas expresses his refusal to Catty’s
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request by commencing his reply with a call, “Mrs. Smith” that implies that he is emotionally detached from her, which causes Catty to feel disgusted.
c. Associative Referential Addressing
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