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is included as non-referential out group term. Thus, this act brings about a perlocutionary effect such that Mary’s honor is disgraced.
4. Insincere Perlocutionary Acts, Exploitation of Group-term Distinction, Inconsistent Vocative Phrases
a. Insincere Perlocutionary Acts
The case can be included as insincere perlocutionary acts if a perlocutionary act is insincere even if its illocutionary act is successful. It can be clearly described
through an example below. They walk past a gardener, who’s at work at White House’s garden.
Charlie a
gardener :
Morning, Mr.President
Before he’s even completed the last syllable of the greeting, Janie quickly and quietly said --
Jane president personal assistant : Charlie
Obama American President : Morning, Charlie
Obama performs a perlocutionary act of association by performing an illocutionary act of addressing to a gardener by the first name “Charlie”, that is a
member of in-group terms. He does not have any intention to associate him personally since he is not acquainted with him, but intends to bring about a
perlocutionary effect such that his illocutionary act of addressing lets him believe that the president knows even a gardener like him. Thus, his perlocutionary act does not
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satisfy the conditions of success, since it violates sincerity condition, even if his illocutionary act satisfies it.
b. Exploitation of Group-term Distinction
The vocative “You bastard” is commonly an out-group term used to dissociate the hearer from the speaker. However, there is a case where the same vocative is used
to associate the hearer to the speaker as seen in the example below. Dora
: This is the nicest spaghetti I’ve ever eaten. The noodle is likely imported from Italy and the sauce seems to be made by a
professional chef. You have to taste it. Audy immediately tastes the food. And then she realizes that the food is not
as tasty as she thinks and starts to beat Dora Dora
: laughing Ouch See – you’re always beating me Audy
: You bastard, I was believing you
From the example above, Audy calls Dora with “you bastard” as soon as she realizes that Dora lies her. The call “you bastard” is commonly used as an out-group
term to dissociate the hearer. In this context, however, Audy does not intend to dissociate Dora. Such use of an out-group term is supposed to be more effective than
simple use of an in-group term to cause perlocutionary effect upon the hearer. This case then is called exploitation of group-term distinction.
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c. Inconsistent Vocative Phrases
