commit to user 63
Meanwhile, the data sources of this research were a film entitled “Bring It On” and its script found in internet. There were some reasons why the researcher took
the film “Bring It On” as data source. Firstly, the film was directed by Peyton Reed, a comedy specialized director. Peyton’s other works were Down with Love, The
Break-Up, Yes man, and The Love Bug of which genres were all comedy. In 2001, the film won Audience Award in Zlín International Film Festival for Children and
Youth for the best feature film www.imdb.com. Secondly, the film is interesting to watch. As cited in www.imdb.comtitlett0204946comment, most audiences of film
“Bring It On” enjoyed the film. They said that the films brisk pacing was perfectly suited to its theme. They were pleased since the script writing was smart, sharp,
consistently and authentically funny. In addition, they liked Bring It On for it did not have-a lot of clichéd boy-girl relationship stuff, andor gratuitous sexnudity.
Finally, different types of non-referential vocative expressions were found in the film.
C. Sample and Sampling Technique
Mantra and Kastro in Singarimbun 1985: 152 states that population is all subjects of the research and that sample is the representation of the population from
which the researcher generalizes the result of the research. Furthermore, samples should be collected by using a specific technique of sampling. Considering the nature
of qualitative study, the researcher used purposive sampling technique in which the
commit to user 64
choice of subject is based on certain characteristics or features which are relevant to the characteristics of population. Purposive sampling is used as a strategy when one
wants to learn something and come to understand something about certain selected cases without needing to generalize to all such cases Patton, 1983: 100. In order to
do purposive sampling, certain information must be known about variations among cases. In addition, Merriam 1988 in Crabtree and Miller 1992: 40 states that
purposive and criterion-based sampling occur before the data are gathered. In determining the sample, the researcher made sure that the dialogues in the
film “Bring It On” contained non-referential vocative expressions. Furthermore, the researcher used some dialogues to be analyzed based on Kubo’s speech act theoretic
analysis of vocatives to represent the whole phenomena in the film.
D. Technique of Collecting Data
The data of the research were collected by conducting the following steps: 1.
Finding the transcript of the film entitled “Bring It On” from the internet www.julieluv.commovies.
2. Replaying the VCD of the film entitled “Bring It On” several times by using a
set of VCD player and television.
commit to user 65
3. Cross validating the data by transcribing the dialogues containing non-
referential vocative expressions from the film into a form of dialogue list in order to match them with the film transcript.
4. Identifying and coding the non-referential vocative expressions in the
dialogues by giving numbers to each vocative expression.
E. Data Coding
