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On Andy – Clearly he is very irritated at this Andy Ted’s boss
: sardonic my pleasure, Mother Kramer, can we just skip to another presentation?
Feeling disgusted with Ted’s recent incompetent works, Andy does not address him Ted anymore but sardonically addresses him as “Mother Kramer” instead. Here,
the speaker expresses his negative feeling to the hearer by performing an illocutionary act of addressing him by his family name with a pejorative adjective
nominal “Mother”. The illocutionary act, then, entails his performance of a perlocutionary act of dissociation, which causes a perlocutionary effect that the hearer
feels mortified.
e. Associative Non-referential Calling
Associative non-referential calling, as its nature, is used for catching addressee’s attention. According to Kubo, in associative non-referential calling, the
speaker performs a perlocutionary act of association by performing an illocutionary act of calling the hearer by those in-groups terms, which brings about a
perlocutionary effect on the hearer such that the hearer feels relieved. This means that associative non-referential calling contains an illucotionary act of calling with in-
group terms and hence it has a perlocutionary act of association which means bringing about a perlocutionary effect on the hearer such that the hearer feels
relieved.
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Two points are necessary to mention here. Firstly, the vocative contains an illocutionary act of calling. A vocative’s illucotionary act agglutinates an additional
force to that of a matrix sentence. The vocative, then, does not change the illocutionary point of the matrix sentence. When a vocative is aimed to arrest the
hearer’s attention to the speaker, it can be said that the vocative employs an illocutionary act of calling besides performing other illocutionary acts such as
claiming, offering, promising, etc. Secondly, the vocative is included as non- referential in-group terms and it contains a perlocutionary act of association. Since
the vocative is included as in-group terms, it contains a perlocutionary act of association. The perlocutionary act of association, according to Kubo, is a
perlocutionary act performed concomitantly with the illocutionary act by using vocatives that belong to in-group terms of address. The perlocutionary act of
association is employed to bring about a resonance between the speaker and the hearer. Moreover, the perlocutionary act of association will also bring about to a
perlocutionary effect such that making the hearer feel relieved. Example:
John : into the phone Darling, it’s me. I’m sorry we can not have
dinner tonight. I have to attend a meeting. Katharine
: But you promised me to have dinner tonight. Can’t you leave the meeting?
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John : The meeting will be important for me so I can’t leave it.
Don’t worry. We will have dinner tomorrow. John contacts his wife, Katharine, by phone. He tells he can not have dinner
with his wife by commencing his words with a non-referential calling “Darling” which extends his affection to his wife. Here, the speaker performs a perlocutionary
act of association by performing an illocutionary act of calling the hearer by those in- group terms, which brings about a perlocutionary effect on the hearer such that the
hearer feels relieved.
f. Dissociative Non-referential Calling
