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Example: Lucy : I believe that if we study and work hard, we will soon graduate.
Nancy : That’s right, pal. So, let’s go to the library. Lucy
: Ok.
Nancy is Lucy’s best friend. She associates Lucy since she agrees to what Lucy says. She hence performs a perlocutionary act of association by employing an
illocutionary act of addressing her friend as “pal” which is included as non-referential in-group term. This act hence brings about a perlocutionary effect on the hearer such
that the hearer feels relieved.
h. Dissociative Non-referential Addressing
Dissociative non-referential addressing, according to Kubo, means that the speaker performs a perlocutionary act of dissociation by performing an illocutionary
act of addressing the hearer with an out-group term. In dissociative non-referential addressing, the act offends the hearer and brings about a perlocutionary effect such
that the hearer feels disgusted to the speaker. This means that a vocative can be included as dissociative non-referential addressing if it contains an illocutionary act
of addressing the hearer with out-group terms and it hence contains a perlocutionary act of dissociation which brings about a perlocutionary effect such that the hearer’s
honor is disgraced. Dissociative non-referential addressing, hence, can be explained in two
characteristics. Firstly, similar to associative non-referential addressing, in
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dissociative non-referential addressing, the speaker performs the illocutionary act of the matrix sentence first, then performs the illocutionary act of addressing and shares
the information expressed in the proposition of the matrix sentence with the hearer. Secondly, since the vocative is included in non-referential out-group terms, the
vocative contains a perlocutionary act of dissociation. Similar to dissociative non- referential calling, the vocative in dissociative non-referential addressing is treated as
if the hearer is not a member of the group the speaker belongs to. In addition, dissociative non-referential addressing brings about perlocutionary effects to the
hearer such that his honor is disgraced. Example:
Anne : What is he? Mary : He is a school DJ.
Anne : laughing listen to this. The top men in this school are football players. Just underneath them, there are basket ball players, men
acting in a theatre, campus activists, and finally, school DJs, right above canteen workers. Do you know what I’m saying, stud?
Mary : I don’t care what you say. I still love him. Anne shows that she does not like Mary’s boyfriend. For her, Mary’s
boyfriend has a lower status than other men. She hence employs a perlocutionary act of dissociation by performing an illocutionary act of addressing Anne as “stud” which
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is included as non-referential out group term. Thus, this act brings about a perlocutionary effect such that Mary’s honor is disgraced.
4. Insincere Perlocutionary Acts, Exploitation of Group-term Distinction, Inconsistent Vocative Phrases
