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practitioner at kindergarten international school in the validation process of the designed game. All of them have an educational background regarding young
learner education for either the bachelor or the master degree.
3. The Participant of Trial Game Evaluation
The researcher distributed a questionnaire as same as the experts’ validation. The participant is the English teacher of TK Kanisius Kotabaru,
Yogyakarta. It was used to evaluate the process of trial game.
D. Instruments and Data Gathering Techniques
To gather the data, the researcher used three instruments, namely interview, field notes, and questionnaires. A deeper description of these
instruments could be found in the following sections:
1. Interview
Ary et al. 2002 states that interviews are used to gather data on a subject’s opinions, beliefs, and feelings about the situation in their own words
p.434. In this study, interviews were used to gather data from the English teacher of TK Kanisius Kotabaru, Yogyakarta. The researcher interviewed the
English teacher to gather more information about the English teaching and learning process in class B. The questions of the interview covered some areas
such as what topics should be taught in class, what kinds of vocabulary should be used and taught in class, and what kinds of media have been used to support the
teaching and learning process.
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The researcher interviewed the English teacher in Bahasa Indonesia so that it would be easier for the English teacher to answer the questions more
accurately. The researcher provided an interview guideline to keep the interview going and to focus on the topic that should be discussed. The researcher recorded
the interview in order to have all information protected. Moreover, the questions involved the 5W + 1H method such as the questions of What, Where, When, Who,
Why, and How see appendix B.
2. Field Notes
The second instrument of this research was field notes. Field notes were brief notes which were made during the observation. Afterward, the researcher
develops his or her reports of the observation Ary et al, 2002, p. 430. Ary et al. states that field notes have two components p.430 as follows:
a. The descriptive part consists of the description of the setting, the people, their reactions and interpersonal relationships, and a report about the research
who, when, what was done. b. The reflective part consists of the observer’s personal feelings about the
research, comments on the research method, decisions and problems, a record of ethical issues, and speculations about the data analysis.
Moreover, Ary et al 2002 notes that field notes should include photographs and audio and video recordings as supporting data p. 430.
In this research, field notes as the instruments were mainly used by the researcher for the needs survey. By making field notes, the researcher explored
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the overall process of English teaching and learning, both the descriptive and the reflective part see appendix C.
3. Questionnaire
