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grapes, and papaya. The researcher only took five fruits because those fruits are familiar among the students.
h. Defining the players’ role
The researcher described the roles of the students and the teacher of TK Kanisius Kotabaru, Yogyakarta.
The students had a role as the players of the over- sized Snake-Ladder game, while the English teacher had a role to monitor and
guide the process of playing the over-sized Snake-Ladder game. The researcher wrote further roles explanation on a teacher’s handbook see appendix I
i. Deciding upon the procedure and time
The researcher designed brief but clear rules to play the over-sized Snake- Ladder game. The researcher included the time frame to play game. The
researcher put clear rules and procedures on a teacher’s handbook see appendix I.
3. Development of a Preliminary Form of the Product
After the researcher planned how the design of the over-sized Snake- Ladder game, the researcher started to develop the plan of designing the over-
sized Snake-Ladder game, such as developing the theme, the purposes, the grade level, numbers of the players, the format, the method of checking, the materials,
the players’ roles, the time allocation, and the procedures. Then, the researcher used Corel Draw software to design the layout and the material inside of the
designed game. The researcher also adopted some pictures from internet resources for the materials. The researcher also wrote a teacher’s handbook to help English
teacher to understand the designed game.
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4. Preliminary Field Testing
In this step, the researcher conducted two 2 steps to validate the designed game as follows:
First, the researcher asked the English teacher of TK Kanisius Kotabaru, Yogyakarta,
the English practitioner at a kindergarten international school, and the English lecturer of Sanata Dharma University for validate the over-sized Snake-
Ladder game. The researcher provided a questionnaire to facilitate this validation. Second, the researcher adopted step 10 of Bell and Wieckert’s theory
1985. The researcher conducted a trial game at TK Kanisius Kotabaru, Yogyakarta
in class B, on Wednesday, 3 September 2012. The researcher provided a camera to take photos of the whole process of the preliminary field
testing. Then, the researcher distributed a post questionnaire as same questions as questionnaire of the experts’ validation to know how the designed game works.
The post questionnaire was for the English teacher of TK Kanisius Kotabaru, Yogyakarta.
5. Main Product Revision
In this step, the researcher adopted the last step of Bell and Wieckert’s theory 1985, p.xix. The researcher revised the over-sized Snake-Ladder game
after the preliminary field testing was done. The researcher considered several suggestions from the experts and several important findings in the trial to revise
the designed game.
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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH RESULTS AND FINDINGS
This chapter presents the results and the findings of the research to answer 2 two questions which is stated in Chapter I. In order to answer two questions in
the problem formulation, the researcher divided this chapter into two parts. First, it deals with the part of designing the over-sized Snake-Ladder game. Second, it
related to the part of presenting the design of the over-sized Snake-Ladder game.
A. Designing the Over-Sized Snake-Ladder Game to introduce English vocabulary in support of the development of multiple intelligences
among kindergarten students
Dealing with the first objective on how to design the over-sized Snake- Ladder game, the researcher implemented the modified Research and
Development RD method based on theory proposed by Borg and Gall 1983 and the guideline of constructing the games by Bell and Wieckert 1985. The
First five steps of RD method were implemented and integrated to the eleven steps of Bell and Wieckert’s guideline. The detail of the steps in designing the
over-sized Snake-Ladder game was presented as follows.
1. Research and Information Collecting
In this step, the researcher took two different methods in gathering some supporting data. The student’s needs survey and review of literature were
