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2. This study will help the English teachers of TK Kanisius Kotabaru, Yogyakarta,
to add the over-sized Snake-Ladder game as their existing teaching media in class, especially to teach English vocabulary.
F. Definition of Terms
In order to avoid misunderstanding and misinterpretation, the author provides definitions of the most important terms used in the study as follows:
1. Snake-Ladder game The word ‘Snake-Ladder game’ has a definition as a British children’s
game played with a board and dice “Snake-Ladder game”. The basic rule of this game is that when you go up a ladder; you can progress quickly to reach the
finishing, while if you go down a snake, you have to go backwards. In this study, the researcher defines a Snake-Ladder as a children’s game
played with a board and dice. The researcher integrates English vocabulary into the game. The researcher also designs the over-sized Snake-Ladder game to
support the development of students’ multiple intelligences.
2. TK Kanisius Kotabaru, Yogyakarta It is a private kindergarten located in Yogyakarta where the researcher
conducted the research. In this school, the English teacher of TK Kanisius Kotabaru, Yogyakarta
has never used games as media of teaching English. During the phase of constructing the games, students of class B and the English teacher of
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TK Kanisius Kotabaru, Yogyakarta were involved in the design process to provide
some valuable information regarding the over-sized Snake-Ladder game.
3. Multiple Intelligence Gardner 1983 defines the word ‘intelligence’ as a general ability found in
varying degrees in all individuals p. 14. Gardner 1983b emphasizes that pupils’ multiple intelligence can help them to solve problems, to find the answers to
specific questions, and to learn new material quickly and efficiently. Gardner 1983c describes eight intelligences such as linguistic, logical-mathematical,
visual-spatial, bodily kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist intelligence.
In this study, the researcher defines multiple intelligences as students’ general abilities that help them to learn vocabulary, e.g. names of fruits,
efficiently. In the process of playing the over-sized Snake-Ladder game, the students should develop their intelligences, such as linguistic, logical-
mathematical, visual-spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal intelligence to help them to learn names of the fruits.
4. Vocabulary Suyanto 2007 defines vocabulary as group of words that has explanatory
meaning and gives information when it is used p. 43. The word ‘vocabulary’ also has definition as all the words contained in a language “vocabulary”.
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In this study, the researcher defines vocabulary as English words introduced to the kindergarten students, such as names of the fruits.
5. Language Game Lewis and Bedson 1999 define language games are activities which is
the presence of a visible set of rules which guide the children’s actions, and an element of strategy—children must successfully apply their language and other
skills p. 5. Moreover, language game also has same characteristic to commercial
game in which game as a fun activity Bell Wieckert, 1985, p.xix. Wright, Betteridge, and Buckby 2006 also define game as an activity which is
entertaining and engaging, often challenging p. 1. Wright et al 2006 also define game as an activity in which the learners play and usually interact with
others p. 1. In this study, the researcher defines language game as an entertaining and
challenging activity which has a visible set of rules to guide the students’ actions. In this study, the sudents also apply their language and other skills to learn simple
English vocabulary.
6. To Introduce The word ‘to introduce’define as bringing a subject to the attention of
someone for the first time “to introduce”. The word ‘to introduce’ can also
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define as activity to show someonesomething or tell them about it for the first time “to introduce”.
In this study, the researcher defines the word ‘to introduce’ as the activity to show the students at class B of TK Kanisius Kotabaru, Yogyakarta the names of
fruits for the first time.
7. Support
The word ‘support’ has several definitions. The word ‘support’ defines as
an activity, idea, belief or thought of someone that agrees with an idea, group, or person, and usually to help other people to gain success “support”. Additionally,
the word ‘support’ can also define as an agreement with an idea, group or person. In this study, the researcher defines the word ‘support’ as a belief or
thought of the researcher that agrees with an idea in designing the over-sized Snake-Ladder game to support the students’ multiple intelligence to succeed in
learning English vocabulary.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
