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text’s semantic domain and its specialization. Moreover, the “about” element conceived by Field also includes what kind of text is it practically have the talk
about the process and circumstance types. Meanwhile, Mode deals with the textual element of a text which relates to the method taken by a text generated as
it is. In this element, it is very likely a text’s method appears to be more than varies of production as a text may adjust interactivity or spontaneity-like.
Furthermore, to analyze a text’s effectiveness, last categorization used is Tenor in which practically relates to the author and his audiences talking about language,
social features, and the relationship between them. It is practically way in analyzing a text based on text produced and what kind of audiences expected to be
presented with such language written in a text itself.
6. Field, Mode and Tenor
According to Boleslav’s theory 2015: 4, there are three qualifications to determine whether a text is functional or not. The qualifications are field, mode
and tenor which are explained below, as following: Field
The experiential viewpoint from a text that basically concern on what text is about.
Mode The textual viewpoint from a text that displays the
characteristics of its intended mode high interactivity and high spontaneity could be counted by lexical density.
Tenor The interpersonal viewpoint from a text that constructs the
expected tenor for the participants.
Those three qualifications are essential in text analysis. Each of them carries role of viewpoints that construct text to accomplish its functionalism as well as
the equivalence of two translations.
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The study of field is the analysis of dictions used in ST and TT by drawing the meaning of words. It is also used to see how a word performs to replace and
represent the idea of ST and TT as well as the genre of text. Meanwhile, mode is about the study of interactivity of text that is used to interest readers. It also
studies the spontaneity of text that relies on the calculation of lexical density. What it indicates is the lower lexical density results; the more spontaneous text
appears. On the other hand, tenor is about the technique on how text is constructed personalization impersonalization. Next, by the stance of text that indicates
what attitude is expressed. The analysis covers lexical choices and evaluative expression asserted, assumed and triggered attitude in choices.
7. Lexical Density
In this study, in proving how the translation works in theory, arts and market is also determined by lexical density. According to Hallday, “lexical density is
distinguishing lexical and grammatical item content words to the total discourse.” It can be measured in various ways: the ration of the lexical items
either to the total running words or some higher grammatical unit, most obviously the clause. 1987: 60. Therefore, the method of calculating Lexical Density LD
is written in the following formula.
LD =
ே ௨ ௫ ௪ ௗ ௦ ் ௧ ௨
் ௦
× 100 Moreover, LD is used in this study in the practice of mode analysis. The
significance is the lower LD in a text, the more spontaneous the text is. The meaning of spontaneity of text in this study in which a title is formed in minimum
