Research Findings RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

commit to user 47 Accuracy 3: The message or the content of the source text is fully transferred to the target text. The translation text is clear, and no rewriting is needed. 2: The message or the content of the source text is less accurately transferred to the target text. The translation still makes sense, but some rewriting and change in word order are needed. 1: The message or the content of the source text is not accurately transferred to the target text. The message of the target text is totally different with that in the source text. Acceptability 3: The translation text is considered to be natural, nearly unlike a translation work and no grammatical error. 2: The translation text sounds less natural, like a work of translation, and there are unnatural expression and word choices. 1: The translation text sounds unnatural and there are unnatural use of expression and word choice.

4.2. Research Findings

4.2.1. Technique of Adjustment

There are 121 data that are found in this research. After comparing the source text and their target text, the researcher finds out that there are 5 kinds of technique of adjustment that are applied by the translator in translating commit to user 48 exclamatory sentences in the novel. Table 1 below will show the classification and percentage of each technique of adjustment. Add : Technique of adjustment in terms of addition. Sub : Technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction. Alt : Technique of adjustment in terms of alteration. Add+Alt : Technique of adjustment in terms of addition and alteration. Sub+Alt : Technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction and alteration. Table 4.1. Classification Based on Techniques of Adjustment No Class. Data Numbers Total Percentage 1 Add 025, 094, 108, 046, 107, 013, 014, 043, 044, 056, 063, 074, 097, 006, 038, 048, 049, 050, 057, 062, 066, 086, 113, 119 24 19.8 2 Sub 003, 030, 031, 034, 016, 020, 035, 067, 068, 072, 093, 109, 111, 114, 020, 027, 039, 053, 071, 081, 087, 088, 090, 092, 100, 105 26 21.5 3 Alt 001, 007, 009, 010, 017, 036, 054, 058, 064, 069, 077, 082, 085, 115, 116, 120, 121, 004, 005, 008, 011, 018, 019, 029, 033, 037, 040, 041, 045, 052, 055, 060, 073, 075, 076, 079, 080, 089, 096, 098, 101, 103, 104, 112, 118, 012, 015, 022, 024, 042, 047, 051, 059, 065, 070, 078, 083, 083, 095, 099, 102, 117 62 51.2 4 Add+Alt 032, 061 2 1.7 5 Sub+Alt 002, 106, 027, 091, 023, 026, 110 7 5.8 commit to user 49 The tabulation above apparently demonstrates that the leading technique of adjustment used by the translator is in terms of alteration which amounts 62 data or 51.2 from 121 data found. Meanwhile, the second place is taken by the technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction with 26 data or 21.5 of the data. The third major technique of adjustment used is in terms of addition with 24 data or 19.8 of them, followed by the technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction and alteration with 7 data or 5.8 of 121 data and the last is in terms of addition and alteration which amounts 2 data only or 1.7 from the whole data.

4.2.1. Add. Technique of adjustment in terms of addition

Many of the technique of adjustment in terms of additions are actually a part of the process of structural alteration, so that one technique cannot be rigidly isolated from one another. Minor changes taken are to adjust the form of the source text according to the rules of the target languages. Nida states, ―It is important to recognize that there has been no actual adding to the semantic content of the message, for these additions consist essentially in making explicit what is implicit in the source-language text ‖ 1964, p: 227. Thus, the additions are aimed to build clear understanding for the target reader without changing the content of the message. It appears only in the structural alteration stage and simply changes the manner in which the information is communicated. commit to user 50 Example: ―The trace The trace The charm that detects magical activity around under- seventeens, the way the Ministry finds out about under-age magic ‖ 006HPaTDH-045Add Comm ―Jejak Jejak Mantra yang mendeteksi aktivitas sihir yang dilakukan di sekitar penyihir di bawah usia tujuh belas tahun, cara kementerian mengetahui tentang sihir di bawah umur ‖ 006HPdRK-070Add Comm In the example above the addition of ―penyihir‖ is needed to intensify the meaning of ―under-seventeens‖. In the source language, the phrase ―under- seventeens‖ sounds natural and acceptable not to be added with the noun. While the reverse happens in the ta rget language, the phrase ―under-seventeens‖ cannot only be translated ―dibawah tujuh belas tahun‖. It will sound awkward and unacceptable by the target reader. In rendering such sentence into Bahasa Indonesia, the translator can add ―penyihir‖ as its equivalence.

4.2.1. Sub. Technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction

In translating, the technique of adjustment in terms of subtractions are applied not to lessen the original meanings but only to make them sounds natural in the target text. Nida states, ―In the present treatment of subtractions only those adjustments which involve certain structural losses, but which, however, are advisable because of the grammatical or semantic patterns of the receptor language are considered‖ 1964, p: 231. commit to user 51 Example: ―Not to stay there, but to find out what’s goin on‖ 039HPaTDH-137SubSty ―Bukan untuk tinggal, tapi untuk mencari tahu apa yang terjadi‖ 039HPdRK- 223SubSty The subtraction of ―there‖ in the example above does not actually alter the total content of the message. It also does not substantially lessen the information carried by the communication. In fact, the subtraction above is practically to have result in a closer equivalence and adequate in the target text. Without tran slating the word ―there‖ into ―di sana‖, the sentence undergoes natural sense in the target text since the translator does not repeat the reference that has been mention elsewhere in the text.

4.2.1. Alt. Technique of adjustment in terms of alteration

Nida states, ―Alteration may, of course, be of all types, from the simplest problems of correspondence in sounds to the most complicated adjustments in idiomatic phrases ‖ 1964, p: 233. It must be subjected to a series of changes, involving not only additions and subtractions, but also alterations, some of them relatively radical. However, alterations can be treated under the following classes which are sounds, categories, word classes, order of elements, clause and sentence structures, semantic problems involving single words, and semantic problems involving exocentric expressions. commit to user 52 Example: ―You sought to help Potter, to help him escape me‖ 015HPaTDH-075AltSty ―Kau memilih membantu Potter, kau membantunya lolos dariku‖ 015HPdRK- 118AltSty In the example above, the alteration happens in clause and sentence structure where in the source text, the clause happens to be an infinitive phrase while in the target text it is altered into a sentence with subject and verb. The translation of the under lined phrase above is supposed to be ―untuk membantunya‖; however, the result will sound unnatural and less acceptable in the target text, to stress on the expression of anger by the speaker. 4.2.1. Add+Alt. Technique of adjustment in terms of addition and alteration This kind of technique of adjustment appears to combine two such techniques that happen in one sentence. The researcher finds out that some of exclamatory sentence in the novel of Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows experienced the combination of two techniques of adjustments which are addition and alteration. The example is as follow. Example: ―Oh, I love her, always read her‖ 032HPaTDH-128Add+AltStruc ―Oh, aku suka dia, aku selalu membaca tulisannya‖ 032HPdRK- 208Add+AltStruc commit to user 53 Firstly, the translator makes an adjustment with respect to addition of subject pronoun of first- single person which is ―aku‖. Such addition is to assert Muriel’s statement. The addition is stressing more to what Muriel has stated and to make clear expression. Secondly, the translator makes an adjustment with respect to alteration of object pronoun ―her‖ which is translated into ―tulisannya‖, instead of ―dia‖. It means that Muriel refers to Rita Skeeters, a journalist, who always writes fascinating stories. The alteration happens in the word class’s level since the object pronoun ―her‖ is altered into noun ―tulisan-nya‖. 4.2.1. Sub+Alt. Technique of adjustment in term of subtraction and alteration. Similar to the previous one, this kind of technique of adjustment is also a combination of two such adjustment techniques that join subtraction and alteration. Both techniques are applied in translating one sentence and solving problems occurred in grammatical and structural levels. The example is as follow. Example: ―Going to lob them over the walls – they won’t like this‖ 110HPaTDH- 499Sub+AltSty ―Akan dilempar lewat tembok – mereka tidak akan suka‖ 110HPdRK- 817Sub+AltSty commit to user 54 In the example above, the translator makes an alteration in terms of sentence structure. The active sentence ―going to lob them‖ is translated into passive sentence ―akan dilempar‖. Such alteration does not deviate the source meaning since it only changes the position and makes the result in target language sounds natural and acceptable. Since all the examples are dialogues, the researcher finds out that some sentences are not in a complete sentence. The example above is an active sentence which, actually, requires subject pronoun before the verb ―going to lob‖. In this case, the translator is doing an accurate piece of work to apply such adjustment into passive sentence, which does not involve subject pronoun either. Beside the alteration, the translator also subtracts the object pronoun ―this‖. The complete translation of the sentence should be ―akan dilempar lewat tembok- mereka tidak akan suka ini‖. In general, by looking at the context of the sentence, the subtraction does not lessen the source meaning.

4.2.2. The purpose of technique of adjustment

After analyzing the whole data found in the novel and experience the technique of adjustment, the researcher classifies the purposes of applying each technique of adjustment. Table 2 below will show the classification and percentage of each technique of adjustment. Struc : As the requirement of the structure of the RL. Sem : To produce semantically equivalence structure. Sty : To provide equivalence stylistic appropriateness. commit to user 55 Comm : To carry an equivalent communication load. Table 4.2. Classification Based on Purposes of using Technique of Adjustment No Class. Data Numbers Total Percentage 1 Struc Add 025, 094, 108 4 3.3 Add+Alt 032 2 Sem Add 046, 107 23 19 Sub 030, 031, 034 Alt 001, 002, 004, 007, 009, 013, 017, 024, 036, 045, 054, 058, 064, 077, 116, 120, 121 Sub+Alt 106 3 Sty Add 014, 043, 044, 056, 057, 063, 074, 097 65 53.7 Sub 003, 016, 020, 035, 039, 051, 053, 067, 068, 071, 072, 081, 087, 088, 090, 092, 093, 100, 109, 111, 114 Alt 005, 008, 010, 011, 015, 018, 019, 029, 033, 037, 040, 041, 052, 055, 060, 069, 073, 075, 079, 080, 082, 085, 089, 096, 098, 101, 103, 104, 112, 115, 118 Add+Alt 061 Sub+Alt 023, 028, 091, 110 4 Comm Add 006, 038, 048, 049, 050, 062, 066, 086, 113, 119 29 24 Sub 021, 027, 105 Alt 012, 022, 042, 047, 059, 065, 070, 076, 078, 083, 084, 095, 099, 102, 117 commit to user 56 Sub+Alt 026 Based on the tabulation above, it is apparent that the most dominant purpose of using technique of adjustment is to provide equivalence stylistic appropriateness which amounts to 53.7 or 65 data. Meanwhile, the purpose to carry an equivalent communication load takes second place with 29 data or 24. The third major purpose with 24 data or 19.8 is taken by producing semantically equivalence structure. The last purpose, as the requirement of the structure of the RL takes the last place with 4 data or 3.3 of 121 data.

4.2.2. StrucAdd. Technique of adjustment in terms of addition as

the requirement of the structure of the RL. Example: ―Mudblood and proud of it‖ 094HPaTDH-395AddStruc ―Darah-lumpur, dan aku bangga menjadi Darah-lumpur ‖ 094HPdRK-646Add Struc The example is taken from the conversation between Hermione, Ron, Harry and a goblin named Griphook. The translator makes an addition in her translation. The added information is ‗Aku’. Since Hermione states it clearly how she feels proud of being a Mudblood, the sentence do not have a subject. In RL, a subject of a statement sentence is obligatory, so the translator add ‗Aku’ as the commit to user 57 subject of the sentence because Hermione was the only person who states it. It can be seen from the following sentences. ―Don’t call yourself –― Ron Muttered. ―Why shouldn’t I?‖ said Hermione. ―Mudblood, and proud of it I’ve got no higher position under this new order than you have, Griphook It was me they chose to torture, back at the Malfoys‖ ―Jangan menyebut dirimu—― gumam Ron. ―Kenapa tidak?‖ kata Hermione. ―Darah-lumpur, dan aku bangga jadi Darah-lumpur Aku tidak mendapat posisi lebih tinggi daripada kalian di bawah rezim baru ini, Griphook. Akulah yang mereka pilih untuk disiksa, di rumah Malfoy tadi‖ From the sentences above, it is obviously seen that Hermione states the phrase for herself. To announce how proud she is being called as Mudblood in front of Harry, Ron and Griphook. Therefore, the translator adds the word ‗aku’ to give a subject for the sentence ―proud of it‖ Furthermore, the addition does not change the original meaning of the source language nor result in meaning deviation. There are 3 data that belong to this classification, namely: 025 094 108 commit to user 58 4.2.2. StrucAdd+Alt. Technique of adjustment in terms of addition and alteration as the requirement of the structure of the RL. Example: ―Oh, I love her, always read her‖ 032HPaTDH-128Add+AltStruc ―Oh, aku suka dia, aku selalu membaca tulisannya‖ 032HPdRK-208Add+Alt Struc The sentence above is a quotation from a conversation between Muriel, Harry and Doge. Muriel is talking about a journalist, named Skeeter, who has wrote many things in a well-known newspaper. Below is the text that will give an illustration of such situation: Perhaps Doge suspected Harry’s feelings, for he looked concerned and hurried on, ―Harry, Rita Skeeter is a dreadful –― But he was interrupted by a shrill cackle. ―Rita Skeeter? Oh, I love her, always read her‖ Harry and Doge looked up to see Auntie Muriel standing there, the plumes dancing on her hat, a goblet of champagne in her hand. ―She’s written a book about Dumbledore, you know‖ Barangkali Doge mencurigai perasaan Harry, karena dia tampak cemas dan buru- buru berkata, ―Harry, Rita Skeeter itu wartawan yang mengeri— ― Namun kata-katanya terputus oleh kekeh melengking nyaring. ―Rita Skeeter? Oh, aku suka dia, aku selalu membaca tulisannya‖ commit to user 59 Harry dan Doge mendongak dan melihat Bibi Muriel berdiri di sana, buah- buah prem menari-nari di topiny a, piala sampanye di tangannya. ―Dia menulis buku tentang Dumbledore, lho‖ Firstly, the translator makes an addition in the form of subject ‗aku’ or in English it reads ‗I’. Secondly, the translator makes an alteration in terms of sentence structure. Such adjustment is intended by the translator to fulfill the requirement of the structure of the RL. The addition ‗aku’ gives a subject in the receptor language since it is to make more clear expression. Moreover, such adjustment in terms of addition and alteration do not change nor deviate the source text meaning. There is only 1 datum of this classification, namely: 032

4.2.2. SemAdd. Technique of adjustment in terms of addition to

produce semantically equivalence structure. Example: ―He told us Potter might try to get inside Ravenclaw Tower, and to send for him if we caught him ‖ 107HPaTDH-476AddSem ―Dia memberitahu kami Potter mungkin akan mencoba masuk Menara Ravenclaw, dan menyuruh kami memanggilnya kalau kami menangkapnya ‖ 107HPdRK-779AddSem The sentence above is a part of conversation between Amycus and Prof Mcgonagall. The phrase ‗to send for him’ in a literal translation is supposed to be commit to user 60 translated as ‗mengirim untuknya’, but this will look unacceptable in the RL seen from the context of situation. Therefore, based on the situational context, the translator adds ‗kami’ to gain semantically equivalent since the real meaning of ‗send for him’ is ‗menyuruh kami memanggilnya.’ The following text will illustrate such situation. ―She’s only Stunned,‖ said Prof Mcgonagall impatiently, who had stooped down to examine Alecto. ―She’ll be perfectly all right.‖ ―No, she bludgering well won’t‖ bellowed Amycus. ―Not after the Dark Lord gets hold of her She’s gorn and sent for him, I felt me Mark burn, and he thinks we’ve got Potter‖ ―Got Potter?‖ said Prof Mcgonagall sharply. ―What do you mean, ―Got Potter‖?‖ ―He told us Potter might try and get inside Ravenclaw Tower, and to send for him if we caught him‖ ―Dia cuma kena Mantra Bius,‖ kata Prof Mcgonagall tak sabar, yang telah membungkuk memeriksa Alecto. ―Dia akan baik-baik saja.‖ ―Tidak, dia jelas tidak akan baik-baik saja‖ raung Amycus. ―Tidak setelah Pangeran Kegelapan menangkapnya Dia telah memanggilnya, aku merasakan Tanda-ku terbakar, dan dia mengira kami berhasil menangkap Potter‖ ―Menangkap Potter?‖ kata Prof Mcgonagall tajam. ―Apa maksudmu, ―Menangkap Potter‖?‖ commit to user 61 ―Dia memberitahu kami Potter mungkin akan mencoba masuk Menara Ravenclaw, dan menyuruh kami memanggilnya kalau kami menangkapnya‖ Through the conversation above, it is clearly shown that the phrase ‗send for him’ meant ‗to call for him’ or in RL ‗menyuruh memanggilnya’. Therefore, the translator needs to add ‗kami’ to produce semantically structures. Although the addition does not influence the original meaning, it helps readers understand the text more clearly. It does not, of course, change or deviate the source meaning. There are 2 data which belong to this classification, namely: 046 107

4.2.2. SemSub. Technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction to

produce semantically equivalence structure. Example: ―We should go and congratulate them‖ 030HPaTDH-122SubSem ―Kita harus memberi selamat kepada mereka‖ 030HPdRK-199SubSem In the RL, the phrase ‗go and congratulate’ is translated into ‗memberi selamat’. The word ‗go’ is subtracted to gain semantically equivalent. This is a good decision since in the literal translation the phrase ‗go and congratulate’ will be ‗pergi dan memberi selamat’ while in the RL it will sound unacceptable. commit to user 62 The example is taken from the conversation between Ron, Hermione and Harry. Hermione is suggesting them to congratulate Ron’s brother, Bill, for the wedding. Such situation will be illustrated below. ―We should go and congratulate them‖ said Hermione, standing on tiptoe to see the place where Bill and Fleur had vanished amid a crowd of well- wishers.‖ ―We’ll have time later,‖ shrugged Ron, snatching three Butterbeers from a passing tray and handing one to Harry. ―Kita harus memberi selamat kepada mereka‖ kata Hermione, berdiri berjingkat untuk melihat Bill dan Fleur yang telah menghilang di tengah kerumunan orang yang memberi selamat. ―Kita masih punya waktu nanti,‖ Ron mengangkat bahu, menyambar tiga Butterbeer dari nampan yang lewat dan menyerahkan satu kepada Harry. In that situation, Hermione intention is to go to congratulate the couple. Therefore the translator omits the word ‗go’ because it will deviate from the source meaning if the literal translation is applied. Semantically, the phrase ‗go and congratulate’ is unacceptable in the RL culture. People usually state their intention directly and this causes the word ‗go’ is omitted. Although the translator subtracts the word, the result is more to gain the meaning equivalence. There are 3 data that belong to this classification, namely: 030 031 034 commit to user 63

4.2.2. SemAlt. Technique of adjustment in terms of alteration to

produce semantically equivalence structure. Example: ―If you’re read this, Harry, we’re all behind you‖ 064HPaTDH-272AltSem ―Kalau kau membaca ini, Harry, kami semua mendukungmu‖ 064HPdRK- 442AltSem The first sentence is said by the people who always support Harry Potter in his battle against his enemy, Voldemort. Here, ‗we’re all behind you’ is translated into ‗kami semua mendukungmu’. This translation does not lessen the meaning. The phrase ‗we’re all behind you’ in the source text is intended to represent the support and courage from the people who care about Harry Potter and his family. This means that the alteration is made by the translator. In the text, the information has already been included elsewhere in the sentence, so the translator makes a further clear statement. The literal translation is ‗kami semua dibelakangmu’ which semantically means giving support and courage. The situations below will illustrate more. And all round these neatly lettered words scribbles had been added by other witches and wizards who had come to see the place where the Boy Who Lived had escaped. Some had merely signed their names in Everlasting Ink; others had carved their initials into the wood, still others had left messages. The most recent of these, shining brightly over sixteen years’ worth of magical graffiti, all said similar things. commit to user 64 ―Good luck, Harry, wherever you are.‖ ―If you read this, Harry, we’re all behind you ‖ ―Long live Harry Potter.‖ Dan disekitar kata-kata yang tertulis rapi ini, tulisan-tulisan lain telah ditambahkan oleh para penyihir yang datang untuk melihat tempat Anak Laki-laki yang Bertahan Hidup telah berhasil lolos. Beberapa hanya membubuhkan tanda tangan mereka dengan Tinta Abadi; yang lain mengukir inisial mereka di kayu, dan yang lain lagi meninggalkan pesan- pesan. Pesan-pesan yang paling baru, berkilau terang di atas graffiti sihir selama enam belas tahun, semuanya mengatakan hal yang sama. ―Semoga sukses, Harry, dimanapun kau berada.‖ ―kalau kau membaca ini, Harry, kami semua mendukungmu ‖ ―Hidup Harry Potter.‖ At last, it can be concluded that the sentence word ‗behind’ implies the word ‗mendukung’, so that the receptor readers are not confused. There are 17 data that belong to this classification, namely: 001 002 004 007 009 013 017 024 036 045 054 058 064 077 116 120 121 4.2.2. SemSub+Alt. Technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction and alteration to produce semantically equivalence structure. Example: ―She’s gorn and sent for him, I felt my Mark burn, and he thinks we’ve got Potter ‖ 106HPaTDH-476Sub+AltSem commit to user 65 ―Dia telah memanggilnya, aku merasakan Tanda-ku terbakar, dan dia mengira kami berhasil menangkap Potter ‖ 106HPdRK-779Sub+AltSem There are two adjustment applied by the translator for the example above. They are subtraction and alteration. The word ‗gorn’ is subtracted and the phrase ‗sent for him’ is altered into ‗memanggilnya’. This translation does not lessen the meaning. The phrase ‗gorn and sent for him, semantically, refers to summon someone. Based on the situational context, it can be clearly seen that the real sense of the subtraction and alteration phrase above is to summon. ―She’s only Stunned,‖ said Prof Mcgonagall impatiently, who had stooped down to examine Alecto. ―She’ll be perfectly all right.‖ ―No, she bludgering well won’t‖ bellowed Amycus. ―Not after the Dark Lord gets hold of her She’s gorn and sent for him I felt me Mark burn, and he thinks we’ve got Potter‖ ―Got Potter?‖ said Prof Mcgonagall sharply. ―What do you mean, ―Got Potter‖?‖ ―He told us Potter might try and get inside Ravenclaw Tower, and to send for him if we caught him‖ ―Dia cuma kena Mantra Bius,‖ kata Prof Mcgonagall tak sabar, yang telah membungkuk memeriks a Alecto. ―Dia akan baik-baik saja.‖ ―Tidak, dia jelas tidak akan baik-baik saja‖ raung Amycus. ―Tidak setelah Pangeran Kegelapan menangkapnya Dia telah memanggilnya Aku merasakan Tanda-ku terbakar, dan dia mengira kami berhasil menangkap Potter‖ commit to user 66 ―Menangkap Potter?‖ kata Prof Mcgonagall tajam. ―Apa maksudmu, ―Menangkap Potter‖?‖ ―Dia memberitahu kami Potter mungkin akan mencoba masuk Menara Ravenclaw, dan menyuruh kami memanggilnya kalau kami menangkapnya‖ The situation above is a quotation from the conversation between Amycus and Prof Mcgonagall. As a matter of fact, by looking at the context of the sentence, the subtraction and alteration do not deviate the meaning. Because in that situation, it is clear that Amycus wants to state that his sister has summoned the Dark Lord. There is only 1 datum that belongs to this classification, namely: 106 4.2.2. StyAdd. Technique of adjustment in terms of addition to provide equivalence stylistic appropriateness. Example: ―All this snow‖ 063HPaTDH-264AddSty ―Wah, semua salju ini‖ 063HPdRK-428AddSty The word ‗wah’ is added by the translator to express the feeling of surprise experienced by Hermione. It is a good decision since in the source language such feeling of surprise is not obviously felt. The following text will illustrate such condition. commit to user 67 ―All this snow‖ Hermione whispered beneath the Cloak. ―Why didn’t we think of snow? After all our precautions, we’ll leave prints We’ll just have to get rid of them – you go in front, I’ll do it –― ―Wah, semua salju ini‖ Hermione berbisik di bawah jubah. ―Kenapa kita tidak memikirkan salju? Setelah semua tindakan pengamanan kita, kita akan meninggalkan jejak Kita harus menghapusnya---kau jalan duluan, biar aku yang menghapus jejak--- ― The text shows that Hermione is astonished by her surrounding, finding out that after all their precautions, she forgot about the snow. The addition of ‗wah’ in the RL will give an impact that Hermione feels surprise. The addition is merely the translator style of writing, because it determines the flavor, and the feel of the message in the receptor language. Therefore, the translation does not deviate the source language meaning. There are 8 data that belong to this classification, namely: 014 043 044 056 057 063 074 097 4.2.2. StySub. Technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction to provide equivalence stylistic appropriateness. Example: ―You can‖ 068HPaTDH-305SubSty ―Bisa‖ 068HPdRK-498SubSty commit to user 68 The translator subtracts the word ‗you’ in the translation. It belongs to the translator’s style of writing; for the reason that either she translates it or not both are acceptable. The subtraction does not really lessen the original meaning. Neither the preceding nor the following sentences imply that clause, so the translator decides to subtract it. ―You can do it,‖ said Harry, ―you can You’ve just got the sword, I know it’s supposed to be you who uses it. Please, just get rid of it, Ron.‖ ―Kau bisa melakukannya‖ kata Harry, ―bisa Kau baru saja mendapatkan pedang itu, aku tahu itu berarti kaulah yang seharusnya menggunakannya. Tolong, singkirkan Horcrux ini, Ron.‖ It is acceptable also if the translator adds the word ‗kamu’, but she does it because the omitted word ‗you’ has been included elsewhere in the text so she does not make a repetition. There are 21 data that belong to this classification, namely: 003 016 020 035 039 051 053 067 068 071 072 081 087 088 090 092 093 100 109 111 114

4.2.2. StyAlt. Technique of adjustment in terms of alteration to

provide equivalence stylistic appropriateness. Example: ―But somebody betrayed us‖ 011HPaTDH-065AltSty ―Tapi ada yang mengkhianati kita‖ 011HPdRK-102AltSty commit to user 69 The translator applies technique of adjustment in terms of alteration in the word ‗somebody’. In the literal translation ‗somebody’ is supposed to be ‗seseorang’, but here the real meaning is altered into ‗ada’. Based on the situational context, the alteration does not change the meaning basically. The word ‗somebody’ refers to a person or a human being existence while in the translation it is acceptable also to use the word ‗ada’ to represent the same meaning. Kingsley turned his wand on Harry, but Lupin said, ―It’s him, I’ve checked‖ ―All right, all right‖ said Kingsley, stowing his wand back beneath his cloak. ―But somebody betrayed us They knew, they knew it was tonight‖ ―So it seems,‖ replied Lupin, ―but apparently they did not realize that there would be seven Harrys.‖ Kingsley ganti mengarahkan tongkatnya ke Harry, tetapi Lupin berkata, ―Itu dia. Aku sudah mengeceknya‖ ―Baiklah, baiklah‖ kata Kingsley, menyimpan kembali tongkat sihirnya ke b alik jubahnya. ―Tapi ada yang mengkhianati kita Mereka tahu, mereka tahu kita bergerak malam ini.‖ ―Kelihatannya begitu,‖ tanggap Lupin, ―Tapi tampaknya mereka tidak menyadari akan ada tujuh Harry.‖ The translator chooses to translate ‗somebody’ into ‗ada’ though actually she can translate the word into the original meaning. It is obviously a matter of the translator’s style of writing. The alteration does not cause meaning deviation. There are 31 data that belongs to this classification, namely: commit to user 70 005 008 010 011 015 018 019 029 033 037 040 041 052 055 060 069 073 075 079 080 082 085 089 096 098 101 103 104 112 115 118 4.2.2. StyAdd+Alt. Technique of adjustment in terms of addition and alteration to provide equivalence stylistic appropriateness. Example: ―The Forbidden Forest, they’ve faced plenty worse than the Forbidden Forest, big deal ‖ 061HPaTDH-249Add+AltSty ―Hutan terlarang… mereka telah menghadapi banyak hal lebih menyeramkan daripada itu. Hutan terlarang sih kecil ‖ 061HPdRK-402Add+AltSty Here, the translator makes an addition ‗hutan terlarang’ while actually, such information belongs to previous sentence. Since the translator adds the phrase ‗hutan terlarang’ the second adjustment appears in the next sentence into ‗hutan terlarang sih kecil’ or in English ‗the Forbidden Forest is fine’. The ‗big deal’ itself is to express the feeling of relief experienced by Harry and Hermione. Therefore, the translation does not deviate the meaning in the source text. It is dealing to the translator’s style of writing, because either she adds ‗hutan terlarang’ or not both are acceptable. The addition and alteration do not lessen the original meaning. commit to user 71 There is only 1 datum that belongs to this classification, namely: 061 4.2.2. StySub+Alt. Technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction and alteration to provide equivalence stylistic appropriateness. Example: ―But then, that’s the Weasley’s boy‖ 091HPaTDH-372Sub+AltSty ―Tapi, itukan si Weasley‖ 091HPdRK-607Sub+AltSty The conversation above is a quotation from a conversation between Lucious and his wife, Narcissa. They are arguing about Ron who is in disguise. The following text will illustrate such situation. ―What about the Mudblood, then?‖ growled Greyback. Harry was nearly thrown off his feet as the Snatchers forced the prisoners to swivel around again so that the light fell on Hermione instead. ―Wait,‖ said Narcissa sharply. ―Yes – yes, she was in Madam Malkin’s with Potter I saw her picture in the Prophet Look, D raco, isn’t it the Granger girl?‖ ―I … maybe … yeah.‖ ―But then, that’s the Weasley boy‖ shouted Lucius, striding round the bound prisoners to face Ron. ―It’s them, Potter’s friends – Draco look at him, isn’t Arthur Weasley’s son, what’s his name --?‖ commit to user 72 ―Yeah,‖ said draco again, his back to the prisoners. ―It could be.‖ ―Bagaimana dengan si Darah-lumpur, kalau begitu?‖ geram Greyback. Harry nyaris terjungkal ketika Penjambret memaksa para tawanan berputar lagi, supaya cahaya menyinari Hermione sekarang. ―Tunggu,‖ kata Narcissa tajam. ―Ya—ya, dia waktu itu ada di Madam Malkin’s bersama Potter Aku melihat fotonya di Prophet Lihat, Draco, bukankah itu si Granger?‖ ―Aku… mungkin… yeah.‖ ―Tapi, itu kan si Weasley‖ teriak Lucius, berjalan mengelilingi tawanan yang terikat untuk menghadapi Ron. ―Itu mereka, teman-teman Potter— Draco, lihat dia, bukankah itu anak si Arthur Weasley, siapa namanya-- ?‖ ―Yeah,‖ kata Draco lagi, memunggungi para tawanan. ―Bisa jadi.‖ In adj usting her translator, firstly the translator subtracts the word ‗then’ RL ‗kalau begitu’. It belongs to the translator’s style of writing because either she translates it or not, both are acceptable. Therefore, the subtraction does not lessen or deviate the meaning. Another adjustment made by the translator is in term of alteration. He alters the phrase ‗the Weasley boy’ into ‗si Weasley’. In general, the alteration does not change the meaning essentially. That phrase refers to the same meaning. It is obvious that the receptor readers are not confused since actually the words ‗the Weasley boy’ is intended to represent a kid of Weasley’s family, so it shows that the alteration belongs to the translator’s style of writing. commit to user 73 There are 4 data that belong to this classification, namely: 023 028 091 110 4.2.2. CommAdd. Technique of adjustment in terms of addition to carry an equivalent communication load. Example: ―Yeah, maybe I will‖ 062HPaTDH-253AddComm ―Yeah, barangkali aku mau pulang‖ 062HPdRK-409AddComm The word ‗pulang’ is added to the RL. This translation is already correct and the addition does not add the meaning. It is acceptable also if the translator does not add the word ‗pulang’, but she does it because the added word ‗pulang’ has been included elsewhere in the text, and the translator attempts to carry an equivalence communication load, so she just make a repetition. ―So why are you still here?‖ Harry asked Ron. ―Search me,‖ said Ron. ―Go home then,‖ said Harry. ―Yeah, maybe I will‖ shouted Ron, and he took several steps towards Harry, who did not back away. ―Jadi, kenapa kau masih disini?‖ Harry menanyai Ron. ―Aku sendiri tak tahu,‖ kata Ron. ―Pulang saja kalau begitu.‖ commit to user 74 ―Yeah, barangkali aku mau pulang‖ teriak Ron, dan dia maju beberapa langkah mendekati Harry, yang tidak mundur. In the SL, the word ‗go home’ is just mentioned once, but the translator repeats this word to intensify the meaning. There are 10 data that belong to this classification, namely: 006 038 048 049 050 062 066 086 113 119 4.2.2. CommSub. Technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction to carry an equivalent communication load. Example : ―I’ve never even heard of them‖ 027HPaTDH-113SubComm ―Aku belum pernah dengar‖ 027HPdRK-185SubCom The subtracted information in the example above is ‗them’. It is natural and acceptable in the SL to employ ‗them’ though in fact, it is not obligatory since the thing that Harry, Ron and Hermione are talking about is already clear. ―And as for this book, said Hermione, ― The Tales of Beedle the Bard … I’ve never even heard of them‖ ―You’ve never heard of The Tales of Beedle the Bard ?‖ said Ron incredulously. ―You’re kidding, right?‖ ―Dan soal buku ini,‖ kata Hermione, ― Kisah-kisah Beedle si Juru Cerita … aku belum pernah dengar‖ commit to user 75 ―Kau belum pernah dengar Kisah-kisah Beedle si Juru Cerita ?‖ kata Ron t idak percaya. ―Kau bercanda, ya?‖ It sounds familiar for the readers of the original text to say ‗I’ve never even heard of them’. But the information has a different form and is usually distributed differently in the translation. So the subtraction does not lessen the communication load nor deviate the source meaning. There are 3 data that belong to this classification, namely: 021 027 105

4.2.2. CommAlt. Technique of adjustment in terms of alteration to carry

an equivalent communication load. Example: ―I knew you weren’t dead‖ 070HPaTDH-310AltComm ―Aku tahu kalian tidak mati‖ 070HPdRK-507AltComm The word ‗you’ in the example above is translated into ‗kalian’. By translating ‗you’ into ‗kalian’ the translator intends to get correct and clear expression of the meaning of the source text. Moreover, this is more natural and acceptable in the receptor text. The situa tion showing that ‗you’ refers to Harry and Hermione had previously been introduced in the text since Ron actually talking not only to one person but with the two of them. It can be seen from the following situation: commit to user 76 ―Hermione,‖ interjected Harry, who considered this a low blow, ―he just saved my —― ―I don’t care‖ she screamed. ―I don’t care what he’s done Weeks and weeks, we could have been dead for all he knew –― ―I knew you weren’t dead‖ bellowed Ron, drowning her voice for the first time, and approaching as close as he could with the Shield Charm between them. ―Hermione,‖ sela Harry, yang menganggap serangan terakhir itu keterlaluan, ―dia baru saja menyelamatkan hi—― ―Aku tak peduli‖ dia menjerit. ―Aku tak peduli apa yang telah dilakukannya Berminggu-minggu, kita bisa sudah mati dan dia tidak tahu apa-apa —― ―Aku tahu kalian tidak mati‖ teriak Ron, menenggelamkan suara Hermione untuk pertama kalinya, dan maju sedekat dia bisa dengan Mantra Pelindung di antara mereka. From the text above, it is clear that what is meant by ‗you’ is Harry and Hermione. Therefore, the translator translates the word into ‗kalian’ to carry an equivalence communication load and this does not deviate the meaning of the source text. There are 15 data that belong to this classification, namely: 012 022 042 047 059 065 070 076 078 083 084 095 099 102 117 commit to user 77 4.2.2. CommSub+Alt. Technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction and alteration to carry an equivalent communication load. Example: ―It was there, it was right there on the wall of his office during all our talks last year ‖ 026HPaTDH-113Sub+AltComm ―Pedang itu di sana, tergantung di dinding dalam kantornya selama semua percakapan kami tahun lalu ‖ 026HPdRK-185Sub+AltComm The translator applies two adjustments in this translation. Firstly, adjustment in terms of subtraction, the translator decides to subtract the object pronoun ‗it’ that refers to a sword. This subtraction does not change the original meaning generally. Yet, such information in the text has already been included elsewhere in the sentence, so it is not a predicament not to repeat it again. Secondly, adjustment in terms of alteration is made by the translator to alter the phrase ‗right there on the wall’. This alteration has no different meaning at all since in the situation of context, both are acceptable. ―And the sword,‖ said Ron finally, when they had at last abandoned their attempts to divine meaning in the Snitch’s inscriptions. ―Why did he want Harry to have the sword?‖ ―And why couldn’t he just have told me?‖ Harry said quietly. ―It was there , it was right there on the wall of his office during all our talks last year If he wanted me to have it, why didn’t he just give it to me then?‖ commit to user 78 ―Dan pedangnya,‖ kata Ron akhirnya, ketika mereka meninggalkan usaha mereka untuk menebak arti tulisan kata- kata pada Snitch. ―Kenapa dia menghendaki Harry memiliki pedang itu?‖ ―Dan kenapa dia tidak bilang saja kepadaku?‖ kata Harry pelan. ―Pedang itu di sana , tergantung di dinding dalam kantornya selama semua percakapan kami tahun lalu Kalau dia menginginkan aku memilikinya, kenapa dia tidak memberikannya saja kepadaku waktu itu?‖ From the situation above, it is clear that the pronoun ‗It’ is subtracted by the translator to avoid a repetition, and alters them into different form. At last, the subtraction and alteration in this translation do not result in meaning deviation or subtracting to the original communication load. There is only 1 datum that belongs to this classification, namely: 026

4.2.3. Accuracy and Acceptability

To gain the quality of translation in terms of accuracy and acceptability, the researcher makes questioners that are given to three raters. The data are classified into three degrees after analyzing on the relationship between the source and target texts in accordance with the level descriptors. The tabulation of the ratings from the raters is as follows: a. Classification A: Accurate, includes the data with mean score 2.6 —3.0. b. Classification B: Less accurate, includes the data with mean score 1.6 —2.5. c. Classification C: Inaccurate, includes the data with mean score 1.0 —1.5. commit to user 79 Table 4.3. Accuracy Level of the Translation No Classification Number of Data Total Data Percentage 1 A 001, 005, 006, 007, 009, 011, 012, 013, 014, 016, 018, 019, 020, 021, 025, 026, 028, 029, 030, 033, 034, 036, 037, 038, 041, 043, 044, 046, 047, 048, 049, 050, 051, 053, 054, 059, 060, 064, 065, 066, 067, 069, 071, 072, 075, 076, 077, 078, 079, 080, 081, 082, 083, 084, 085, 087, 090, 093, 095, 096, 097, 098, 099, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 108, 109, 114, 116, 117, 119, 120 75 62 2 B 002, 003, 004, 008, 010, 015, 017, 023, 024, 027, 031, 032, 035, 039, 040, 042, 045, 052, 055, 056, 057, 058, 061, 062, 063, 068, 070, 073, 074, 086, 088, 089, 091, 092, 094, 105, 106, 107, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 118, 121 45 37.2 3 C 022 1 0.8 Total 121 100 Mean of all data = total scores: total data: total raters = 943 : 121 : 3 = 2.6 a. Classification A: Acceptable, includes the data with mean score 2.6 —3.0. b. Classification B: Less acceptable, includes the data with mean score 1.6 —2.5. c. Classification C: Unacceptable, includes the data with mean score 1.0 —1.5. commit to user 80 Table 4.4. Acceptability Level of the Translation No Classification Number of Data Total Data Percentage 1 A 001, 002, 003, 004, 005, 006, 007, 008, 009, 010, 011, 012, 013, 014, 017, 019, 020, 021, 022, 023, 024, 025, 026, 027, 028, 029, 030, 031, 032, 033, 034, 035, 036, 037, 038, 039, 040, 041, 042, 043, 044, 045, 047, 048, 049, 050, 051, 052, 053, 054, 055, 056, 057, 059, 060, 061, 062, 063, 064, 065, 066, 067, 068, 069, 070, 071, 072, 073, 075, 076, 077, 078, 079, 080, 081, 082, 083, 084, 085, 086, 087, 088, 090, 091, 092, 095, 096, 098, 099, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121 110 91 2 B 015, 016, 018, 046, 058, 074, 089, 093, 094, 097, 105 11 9 3 C 000 Total 121 100 Mean of all data = total scores: total data: total raters = 1026 : 121 : 3 = 2.8 An assessment of accuracy and acceptability are important to accomplish since the result of this assessment will show the quality of the translation. In this research, the researcher involved three raters to rate the accuracy and the commit to user 81 acceptability of exclamatory sentences that experienced techniques of adjustment by using an open-ended questionnaire. Firstly, the raters determined the accuracy and acceptability of the translation by giving score to the translation based on the mentioned description and secondly, they were suggested to give their comments or suggestions related to the accuracy and acceptability of the translation. The questionnaire uses scale with the definitions as follows: Table 4.5. Accuracy Scale SCORE DESCRIPTION 3 The message or the content of the source text is fully transferred to the target text. The translation is clear, and no rewriting is needed. 2 The message or the content of the source text is less accurately transferred to the target text. The translation still makes sense, but some rewriting and change in word order are needed. 1 The message or the content of the source text is not accurately transferred to the target text. The message of the target text is totally different with that in the source text. Table 4.6. Acceptability Scale SCORE DESCRIPTION 3 The translation is considered natural, nearly unlike a translation work and no grammatical error. commit to user 82 The mean of each data shows the accuracy and acceptability level of the translation. The total average of mean for all data is the result of accuracy and acceptability level of the translation. As an addition, the researcher makes statistical calculation to determine the mean of each datum by applying a formula. When a statistical calculation of the accuracy and acceptability levels are finished, the data of each level are classified into three groups. The formula to calculate the levels of accuracy and acceptability is as follow: Data Number Rater 1 Rater 2 Rater 3 Total Mean 001 Score Score Score Total Score Total score Total raters 002 Score Score Score Total Score Total score Total raters Furthermore, the data in each level, accuracy and acceptability level, are classified into three groups based on the statistical calculation result. 2 The translation sounds less natural, like a work of translation, and there are unnatural expression and word choices. 1 The translation sounds unnatural and there are unnatural use of expression and word choice. commit to user 83

4.2.3. A. The Accuracy of the Translation

In this research, the researcher found the data that are accurately transferred are 75 data 62, less accurately translated into the target language are 45 data 37.2, and only 1 datum 0.8 that is inaccurately translated. The result is also supported by the comments from the raters about the accuracy of exclamatory sentences in the novel of Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows . The accuracy of transferring message is an important part in translation. Accuracy is one of the factors, which determine the quality of translation. It also means that the meaning of the source text is transferred into target text correctly and the translation can be understood by the target reader easily. Baker states, ―Accuracy is no doubt an important aim in translation but it is also important to bear in mind that the use of common target language patterns which are familiar to the target reader plays an important role in keeping the communication channels open.‖ 1992, pg: 57. Basically, accuracy is related to choose the correct words in order to reveal the same idea in target language. Choosing the right word is very important because if the translator is wrong to choose the word, the text will not be accurate. Choosing the right word would consider some factors, such as, the target readers, situational context, and socio-cultural condition. A translation is considered to be accurate if it conveys the meaning of the source language to the target language correctly. commit to user 84

4.2.3. A.1. Classification A Accurate; includes the data with mean score 2.6

—3.0 The data belong to classification are the data which have the mean between 2.6 – 3.0. There are 75 data that belong to this classification. The definitions of an accurate data in this classification are the message of the source text is accurately transferred into the target text and the translation text is clear, and no rewriting is needed. The following data are the examples: Example 1: Wow- we’re identical 007HPaTDH-049AltSem Wow-kita sama 007HPdRK-076AltSem The context of situation is as follows, Moody, quite unconcerned, was now loosening the ties of the large sacks he had brought with him: when he straightened up again, there were six Harry Potters gasping and panting in front of him. Fred and George turned to each other and said together, ―Wow-we’re identical ‖ Moody, tampak tidak peduli, sekarang membuka ikatan kantong-kantong besar yang dibawanya. Ketika dia menegakkan diri lagi, ada enam Harry Potter megap-megap terengah dihadapannya. Fred and George berpaling berhadapan dan berseru bersama- sama, ―Wow- kita sama ‖ commit to user 85 From the situation of context, the message of the source text has already been transferred well into the target text. The datum is classified into an accurate translation as the three raters provide score 3. Although one of the rater assumes that the word identical can be replaced by kembar in the target text due to the similarity in appearance experienced by Fred and George, but in general the message of the source text is accurately conveyed into the target text and no rewriting is needed. All raters and the researcher have considered that the translation is accurate since the message has been expressed appropriately into the target text and the word choice kembar or sama does not emerge any significant influence of the message in the receptor language. Example 2: You took your time 001HPaTDH-031AltSem Kau sengaja berlambat-lambat 001HPdRK-049AltSem The mean score of datum number 001 is 2.7. Thus, the datum belongs to the classification which considers the mean score as accurate. Two raters give score 3 and one rater gives 2. The two raters think that the message of the original text is accurately transferred into the target text and there are no rewritings needed. Furthermore, they notice that the translation is clear so that it is no need to revise the translation in the target text. The context of situation as follow, Sixteen years of being addressed thus left Harry in no doubt whom his uncle was calling; nevertheless, he did not immediately respond. He was commit to user 86 still gazing at the mirror fragment in which, for a split second, he had thought he saw Dumbledore’s eye. It was not until his uncle bellowed ‗BOY’ that Harry got slowly to his feet and headed for the bedroom door, pausing to add the piece of broken mirror to the rucksack filled with things he would be taking with him. ‗You took your time’ roared Vernon Dursley when Harry appeared at the top of the stairs. ‗Get down here, I want a word’ Enam belas tahun biasa disapa seperti itu membuat Harry tak meragukan siapa yang dipanggil pamannya. Meskipun demikian dia tidak segera menjawab. Dia masih menatap pecahan cermin, yang di dalamnya tadi selama sepersekian detik dia merasa melihat mata Dumbledore. Baru setelah pamannya berteriak ―BOY‖ Harry pelan-pelan bangkit dan menuju pintu kamar, hanya berhenti untuk memasukkan pecahan cermin itu ke dalam ransel yang penuh dengan barang-barang yang akan dibawanya. ―Kau sengaja berlambat-lambat‖ raung Vernon Dursley ketika Harry muncul di puncak tangga. ―Turun sini, aku mau bicara‖ From the context of situation below, one of the raters assumes that the sentence ‗you took your time‖ is not translated well in the target text. She feels that it will be much better if the translator uses the sentence ‗kau lama sekali’ since from the context of situation, Vernon Dursley needs Harry to come as soon as possible and he cannot wait for Harry’s arrival. Hence she scores 2 for the datum 001. commit to user 87 On the other hand, the researcher finds the data is accurately translated into the receptor language as from the context of situation, Harry does not immediately respond to his uncle’s call. This gives reason to his uncle’s that Harry has the intention to take his time. Therefore, the researcher believes that the datum number 001 is accurate and no rewriting is needed.

4.2.3. Classification B Less accurate, includes the data with mean score 1.6

—2.5 The data within this classification are the data which have the mean between 1.6 – 2.5. 45 data belong to this classification which the source text is less accurately transferred into the target text since there are some additions or deletion found, but it occasionally needs minor changes in order to accommodate the intended original meaning. There are several reasons why the raters do not give the best score for the translation. The examples of this classification are as follows: Example 1: Of course I ruddy well know how to drive 003HPaTDH-036SubSty Tentu saja aku bisa menyetir mobil 003HPdRK-057SubSty In datum 003, there are two raters score 2 and one rater score 3. One of the rater considers that the translation is less accurate since the word ruddy is not represented well in the target text. The context of situation is as follow: ‗I see you are packed and ready. Excellent The plan, as Harry has told you, is a simple one, ‗said Dedalus, pulling an immense pocket watch out commit to user 88 of his waistcoat and e xamining it. ‗We shall be leaving before Harry does. Due to the danger of using magic in your house – Harry being still under- age, it could provide the Ministry with an excuse to arrest him – we shall be driving, say ten mile or so, before Disapparating to the safe location we have picked out for you. You know how to drive, I take it?’ he asked Uncle Vernon politely. ‗You know how to-? Of course I ruddy well know how to drive’ spluttered Uncle Vernon. ―Kulihat kalian sudah berkemas dan siap berangkat. Bagus sekali Rencananya, seperti yang telah disampaikan Harry kepada kalian, sederhana saja,‖ kata Dedalus, menarik keluar jam saku besar dari rompinya dan mengamatinya. ―Kita berangkat sebelum Harry. Karena berbahaya melakukan sihir di dalam rumah kalian-Harry masih di bawah umur, nanti Kementerian jadi punya alasan untuk menangkapnya-kita akan naik mobil, kira-kira lima belas kilo lah, sebelum ber-Disapparate ke tempat yang telah kami pilihkan untuk kalian. Anda bisa menyetir mobil, kukira?‖ dia menanyai Paman Vernon dengan sopan. ―Bisa me-? Tentu saja aku bisa menyetir mobil‖ ujar Paman Vernon. From the context of situation above, Vernon Dursley spluttered Dedalus with his question about Vernon’s ability to drive a car. The raters consider that the message of the source text is not transferred well and less expressive. Ruddy well know are not translated in the target text while its purpose is t o explain Vernon’s capability in driving a car is more than know but excellent. Larson states, ―When commit to user 89 concepts are shared between the source and receptor languages, the important rule for the translator is to find the most natural and accurate way to communicate the same meaning in the receptor language as was intended by the author in the source language. This may mean that a very different form will be used in order to make sure correct meaning and natural expression.‖ 1984, pg: 159. Therefore, the raters suggest that the translation of the sentence as Tentu saja aku bisa menyetir mobil dengan sangat baik . Example 2: An’ the last time you was on it, Harry, I could fit yeh in one hand 008HPaTDH- 051AltSty Dan terakhir kali kau naik motor ini, Harry, kau cuma sebesar satu tanganku ini 008HPdRK-079AltSty The assessment from the raters giving scores in the questionnaire for this datum places the translation into classification B as it results 2.0 for the mean score of the translation. It means that the translation of the datum number 125 is less accurately transferred to target text and some rewritings are needed in the translation. The raters consider that the translation needs to be reconstructed although the message of the source language does not deviate from the message of the source language. The interesting part of this data is the three raters give different score. One of them scores 3 and the other two score 1 and 2. The rater giving score 2 considers that the sentence I could fit yeh in one hand as an idiom; however it is translated literally and causes different in commit to user 90 meaning. While the rater scored 1 believes that the translation above can be transferred without using technique of adjustment in term of alteration and suggest that if yeh in the sentence above referred to Harry, the possible alternative expression which would convey the meaning in a corresponding expression is aku bisa memuatmu dalam satu tangan . Example 3: You’ve got to find out about them for yourself 088HPaTDH-351SubSty Kita harus mencari tahu sendiri 088HPdRK-573SubSty The assessment from the raters giving scores in the questionnaire for this datum places the translation into classification B as it results 1.7 for the mean score of the translation. According to the raters, the message of the source language is not well conveyed into the target language. There are two raters score 2 and one rater scores 1. In this datum, the translator applies technique of adjustment in terms of subtraction where the phrase about them is not translated into target text. The raters consider that the subtraction above does not convey the message. Yet, according to them, the translation, especially in about them , does not need to be omitted. The translation may create a misunderstanding to the target reader because the message is rather unclear. Therefore the suggestion of the translation is kita sendirilah yang harus mencari tahu tentang hal itu. commit to user 91

4.2.3. Classification C Inaccurate, includes the data with mean score 1.0 —

1.5 The data which are included to this classification have the mean between 1.0-1.5. The reason that the data belong to this category the translator fails in transferring the message from the source text into the target text. There is only 1 datum 0.8 that belong to this classification. Example: It- it wasn’t stealing 022HPaTDH-088AltComm Aku-aku tidak mencurinya 022HPdRK-141AltComm In datum number 022, one rater gives score 2 and two others give 1. The raters consider that the translation is confusing that the message of the source text cannot be transferred into the target text. Its meaning is not conveyed, even deviates from the source text. The sentence of It- it wasn’t stealing is an exclamatory sentence that experiences technique of adjustment in terms of alteration . The pronoun It which is referred to a thing is altered into pronoun Aku which is in the target text obviously referred to a person. One of the raters scores 1 considers that based on its context of situation, the sentence will be much more accurate and understandable if pronoun it is not altered into aku since the rater thinks that it cannot be referred into a person. Below is the situation. ‗And once we get hold of it, how do you destroy a Horcrux?’ asked Ron. commit to user 92 ‗Well,’ said Hermione, ‗I’ve been researching that.’ ‗How?’ asked Harry. ‗I didn’t think there were any books on Horcruxes in the library?’ ‗There weren’t,’ said Hermione, who had turned pink. ‗Dumbledore removed them all, but he – he didn’t destroy them.’ Ron sat up straight, wide-eyed. ‗How in the name of Merlin’s pants have you managed to get your hands on those Horcruxes books?’ ‗It – it wasn’t stealing’ said Hermione, looking from Harry to Ron with a kind of desperation. ‗They were still library books, even if Dumbledore had taken them off the shelves. Anyway, if he really didn’t want anyone to get at them, I’m sure he would have made it much harder to-’ ―Dan kalau kita sudah berhasil mendapatkannya, bagaimana kau menghancurkan Horcrux?‖ Tanya Ron. ―Yah,‖ kata Hermione, ―aku sudah mencari tahu soal itu.‖ ―Bagaimana?‖ Tanya Harry. ―Bukankah tak ada buku tentang Horcrux di perpustakaan?‖ ―Memang tak ada,‖ kata Hermione, yang wajahnya telah merona merah. ―Dumbledore telah memindahkan semuanya, tapi dia-dia tidak menghancurkannya.‖ Ron duduk tegak, matanya terbelalak. ―Bagaimana demi celana Merlin kau berhasil mendapatkan buku-buku Horcrux itu?‖ commit to user 93 ―Aku-aku tidak mencurinya‖ kata Hermione, bergantian memandang harry dan Ron dengan tatapan putus asa. ―Buku-buku itu masih tetap buku perpus, sekalipun Dumbledore sudah mengambilnya dari rak-raknya. Lagi pula, kalau dia benar-benar tidak ingin ada yang membaca buku-buku itu, aku yakin dia akan membuatnya lebih susah untuk- ‖ On the other hand, the only rater who score 2 believes that the situation above has a bit illustrate the reader that the reason of the alteration made is to make the expression clear enough although seen from the translation accuracy there is another way to translate the sentence into more accurate target language. Larson states, ―When concepts are shared between the source and receptor languages, the important rule for the translator is to find the most natural and accurate way to communicate the same meaning in the receptor language as was intended by the author in the source language. This may mean that a very different form will be used in order to make sure correct meaning and natural expression.‖ 1984, p: 159. The researcher considers that the message is inaccurately transferred to the receptor language since in the translation result, it appears that Hermione is the only person who steals the book, while in fact, based on the context of situation, Hermione wants to clarify that the books are not being stolen by anyone. The message is found totally different with in the source text. Therefore, the researcher suggests its translation as buku-buku ini tidak dicuri. commit to user 94

4.2.4. The Acceptability of the Translation

Looking back on table 4, there are 110 data 91 are naturally translated, 11 data 9 sounds less natural, like a work of translation, and there are unnatural expression and word choices, and no data found 0 is unnatural. The researcher also discovers that the mean score for the whole data in the acceptability of the translation is 2.8. It means that the message of the data, namely, Exclamatory sentence experience technique of adjustment in Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows novel is naturally translated into the target text. Acceptability only can be measured by the target language native speakers so as Larsson states, ―The person who does the testing must also understand translation principles and knows the receptor language as well. If shehe needs some respondents, they must be also target language native speaker 1984: 472. Those who are helping with the evaluation should be mother-tongue speakers of the receptor language.‖ 1984: 49. Base on those reasons, to make a translation acceptable to the target reader, a translator must have more sensitivity to the naturalness of the target language.

4.2.4. Classification A Acceptable, includes the data with mean score 2.6 —

3.0 The data included in this classification are those with mean score that ranges from 2.6 to 3.0. On table 4, it is clear that there are 110 data or 91 of the data belong to this classification. The definition of an acceptable datum in this commit to user 95 classification is that the translated text sounds natural. It practically sounds unlike a translation work and close in meaning equivalence. Example: I’m on it, Harry, don’t worry 009HPaTDH-54AltSem Kutangani, Harry, jangan kawatir 009HPdRK-84AltSem The translation is included into the acceptable category since all of the raters give score 3. In datum number 9, the expression used in the sentence does not seem like a work of translation, the translation sounds natural and it is close in meaning equivalence. Larson states, ―He the translator will know he is successful if the receptor language readers do not recognize his work as a translation at all but simply as a text written in the receptor language for their information and enjoyment.‖ 1984, p: 23 Based on the context of situation, the preposition of on in the source language is related to something that is trying to be taken care. While apart from the situation, the sentence looks indicating to a position standing to something. Thus, the researcher agrees with the translation and does not provide a suggested translation. Example: I’ve never even heard of them 027HPaTDH-113SubComm Aku belum pernah dengar 027HPdRK-185SubComm commit to user 96 This datum belongs to classification A since its mean score is 2.7. Two raters give score 3 and one rater gives 2. It means that the translation belongs to the category of acceptable although there is still one rater providing score 2. The translation needs to be revised in order to make it sound more natural. In this datum the translator subtracts the object. The phrase of them is not translated in the target text. However, this omission of subject does not hamper the acceptability of the message. According to one rater, who gives score 2 for this translation, the omission of the object pronoun makes the translation sound less natural when the viewers read the translation. Yet, a revision needs to be done and the rater suggests that it will be more appropriate if the translator puts the words cerita itu as object in the target text to make it more acceptable in the structure of the target language. In contrast, the researcher believes that whether the translator puts the words cerita itu or not, the translation result can still be considered to be an acceptable translation and there is no need to have a grammatical reconstruction. The translation is not difficult to understand since it is expressed naturally in the receptor language. Thus, the researcher agrees with the translation and does not provide a suggested translation.

4.2.4. Classification B Less acceptable, includes the data with mean score 1.6

—2.5 This classification covers all data with mean score from 1.6 to 2.5. There are 11 data that belong to this category. In this classification, the target text commit to user 97 sounds like a translation. There are also some unnatural expressions and word choices. Thus, there are some reasons why the raters do not give the best score for the translation. Example 1: I’m not being ―Rodent‖, no way, I told you I wanted to be ―Rapier‖ 089HPaTDH-359AltSty Siapa yang mau jadi ‗Rodent’, no way, sudah kubilang aku mau jadi ‗Rapier’ 089HPdRK-585AltSty The mean of datum number 89 is 2.3. One rater scores 3 while two others give score 2. The raters giving score 2 consider the translation as less acceptable. It sounds like a work of translation. There is an unnatural expression and word choice. In the target language no way is not translated and remain the same, as a result, the translation is less acceptable since actually it can be changed and translated in order to create unlike the work of translation. Two raters who give score 2 believe that the unfamiliar expression of no way will sounds better if the translator uses correct word choices to replace it and yet the style is very unnatural. It is not expressed in an interesting way. Thus the researcher suggests the translation as Aku tidak mau jadi ‘Rodent’, tidak sama sekali, aku mau jadi ‘Rapier’. Example 2: It’s impossible to make good food out of nothing 058HPaTDH-241AltSem commit to user 98 Tak mungkin mengadakan makanan dari udara kosong 058HPdRK- 390AltSem The data number 58 is quite interesting since the three raters give different score 1, 2 and 3. It means that the datum is less acceptable for the mean of data is 2. One of the rater points out the part of target text which makes it sound like a translation work. There are unnatural expression and word choice when the translator translates the words make good food and out of nothing into mengadakan makanan dan udara kosong . According to the rater, the word choices are unnatural. Thus, the translation is considered to be difficult to understand since it is not expressed naturally in the target text. The researcher has the same opinion with one of the rater that as a translator, we should be able to present this meaning in a clear natural expression. The phrase out of nothing becomes udara kosong sounds peculiar in the receptor language. Therefore, the researcher provides the suggested translation as Tidak mungkin memunculkan makanan begitu saja because for the receptor language, mengadakan makanan dari udara kosong sounds a work of translation and less natural.

4.3. Discussion