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3. After finishing the analysis of the text and understanding the source language
message, the translator transfers the message into the target language. This process discu
sses ―how the analysis result is transferred from the source language to the target language with the least possible change in meaning and
with equal reaction as felt by the native source language speaker‖. The transfer certainly is not perfect yet, so it needs correction consultation to the
more professional person about figurative language and style. 4.
Lastly, the restructuring process discusses some kinds of figurative language, style and technique which can be used in the translation. In this stage, the
translation must be adjusted with the grammar of the target language. The translation must maintain the meaning of the source language. Then after the
restructuring is over, it means that the process of translation has also been completed.
2.3. Problems in Translation
J.C. Catford in
A Linguistic Theory of Translation
mentions, ―There is a translation problem namely untranslatability.
Translation fails, or untranslatability occurs when it is impossible to build functionally relevant features of the situation into the contextual
meaning of the TL text. There are two categories of untranslatability, linguistic and cultural untranslatability. In linguistic untranslatability,
the functionally relevant features include some which are in fact formal features of the language of the SL text. It occurs when TL has
no formally corre
sponding feature.‖ 1965, p: 94 In cultural untranslatability, the failure is due to the absence of the situational
feature which is relevant in the SL culture and in the RL culture.
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In his essay,
A Framework for the Analysis and Evaluation of Theories Translation
that is compiled by Sakri in
Ikhwal Menerjemahkan
, Nida also mentions two kinds of problems in transferring message, namely problems of
content and problems of form. ―The circumstantial setting of the ST can give a serious
problem for the translator to provide the most equivalent text. Every culture has its own characteristic that might be considered weird by
other cultures. This is called the problems of content. In such cases, the translator may be forced to choose between the less
comprehensible cultural setting of the SL and the more intelligible but anachronistic setting of the receptor language.
‖ 1985, p: 71 Another problem in translating message is the problem of form. Nida said
that ―Though the difficulties related to the adequate reproduction of content are
often acute, they generally do not constitute as complex and intractable a series of problems as the particular formal features of language employed in a message
‖ 1976, p: 72. It is easier to analyze and describe the cognitive equivalences of
content then to find the formal equivalences of language.
2.4. Context
