Function of Metaphorical Expression
characteristic of this function is the implicit intention that indicates direction, suggestion or expectation.
3. Direction
The used of metaphorical expression has the function to influence the behavior or attitudes of others. The characteristic
of this function is shown by command and request, instruction, threat or question. This function of social control places
emphasis on the listener‟s end, rather than the speaker‟s end of message.
4. Phatic
The used of metaphorical expression has the function to maintaining social bonds. The characteristic of this function is
by keeping the communication lines open between social members speaker and listener and keeping the social
relationships in good condition. 5.
Aesthetic The used of metaphorical expression has the function to creating
artistic effect. Systematization of this analysis began with finding and collecting
metaphorical expression through selecting the metaphorical linguistic expression that leads to analyzing set of mapping between source domain
and target domain. It is these mappings that provide much of the meaning of the metaphorical linguistic expression that make a particular conceptual
metaphor manifest. The result from mapping process will be adjusted with the experiential bases knowledge and limited to the context situation in
which inaugural addresses delivered to receive the meaning and also its function.
23
CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. DATA DESCRIPTION
In this research, the technique of data collecting is using bibliography technique. The data are collected by using written sources from the transcript
of four inaugural addresses. There are 35 data found in the transcript and after the process of random sampling, 18 of them consist of 8 data from Bush and
10 data from Obama, were picked up as the chosen data that will be analyzed in this chapter. The 18 data will be classified based on the 9 concepts that are
found from the mostly represent the data. The data will be analyzed by using qualitative method with explaining the mapping process to convey the
similarities in each concept that lead to understanding the meaning based on the metaphorical expression. The theory of conceptual metaphor from Lakoff
and Johnson will be applied in the analysis. This theory indicates the concepts which obtained from the mapping process and the mapping process also lead
to the meaning of metaphorical expression. The last analysis is function of metaphorical expression that will be analyzed by using Leech theory consist of
five functions of metaphorical expression. Identification of meaning in metaphorical expression will use dictionary
Oxford Learner‟s Dictionary as the reference. This reference is to find the lexical meaning and compare with
contextual meaning from metaphorical expression which contained in the text speech.
Table 3.1 Metaphorical expression, Conceptual metaphor, and Meaning
From George W. Bush and Barack Obama Inaugural Addresses
No Metaphorical
expression Speech
Source Conceptual
metaphor Meaning
Function
1. And to all
nations, we will speak for
the values that gave our
nation birth
Bush, 2001
NATION IS PERSON
Freedom and liberty
Aesthetic and
information
2. And I can
pledge our nation to a
goal: When we see
that wounded
traveler on the road of
Jericho, we will not pass to
the other side Bush,
2001 NATION IS
PERSON Knowing
Aesthetic
3. We remain a
young nation ,
… Obama
, 2009 NATION IS
PERSON Existed in
long time Direction
4. Our economy
is badly weakened
… Obama
, 2009 CRISIS IS SICK
Crisis situation
Information
5. An economic
recovery
has begun
Obama , 2013
CRISIS IS SICK To enhance
economic situation
Information
6. Our founding
fathers faced
with perils …
Obama , 2009
NATION IS FAMILY
Leader of a nation
Information
7.
… the father of our nation
ordered these words be read
to the people. Obama
, 2009 NATION IS
FAMILY Leader of a
nation Direction
8. Yet, every so
often the oath is taken amidst
gathering clouds and
raging storm .
Obama , 2009
PROBLEM IS STORM
Current situation of
nation Aesthetic
and
information
9. …let us brave
once more the icy currents,
and endure
what storms may come
… Obama
, 2009 PROBLEM IS
STORM Nation‟s
problem Aesthetic
and expression
10. And then there
came a day of fire
Bush, 2005
FIRE IS ATTACK 911 Attack
Aesthetic
11. By our efforts
we have lit a fire
as well; a fire in the
minds of men Bush,
2005 SPIRIT IS FIRE
Resistance of attack
Aesthetic and
information
12. And one day
this untamed fire
of freedom will reach the
darkest corners of our world
Bush, 2005
SPIRIT IS FIRE Revolution
Information
13. And even after nearly 225
years, we have Bush,
2001 LIFE IS
JOURNEY The long
process of freedom
Aesthetic
long way yet to travel
. 14. So, let us mark
this day in remembrance
of who we are
and how far we have travel
. Obama
, 2009 LIFE IS
JOURNEY The long
journey of Black people
Expression
15. Now, it is a
seed upon the wind, taking
root in many
nations. Bush,
2001 RELATIONSHIP
IS PLANTING Influence
other nation Aesthetic
16. To those
leaders around the globe who
seek to sow conflict
…
Obama , 2009
RELATIONSHIP IS PLANTING
Spread conflict
Aesthetic