metaphorical expression will be observed directly. It will be noted into data cards based on two inaugural addresses delivered
by George W. Bush and Barack Obama. When collecting data cards are complete, then data cards will be shuffled and picked
up randomly. After that, the chosen data will be classified based on the concepts which are found in the metaphorical linguistic
expression. The next step is finding the mapping to see the relation between source domain and target domain in the concept.
The meaning of the metaphor will be much more seen from this mapping. The last is identifying the function of the metaphorical
expression used in four inaugural addresses.
4. Research Instrument
The research instrument used on this research is the writer herself by using chosen data card taken from four inaugural addresses
that has metaphorical language. 5.
Unit of Analysis
The unit analyses of the research are the first in 2001 and the second in 2005 George W. Bush inaugural address and the first
in 2009 and the second in 2013 Barack Obama inaugural address.
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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION
A. Previous Research
Research about metaphor has been analyzed by many people, such as Ida Vestermark entitled Metaphors in Politics: A Study of the Metaphorical
Personification of America in Political Discourse . This paper observed the
conceptual metaphors of personification in American inaugural addresses, for what the metaphor are used and what do they suggest to the audience. The
analysis proved that all presidents used metaphors in personalizing America to activate the emotions of the listener. The analysis also revealed the importance
of interpreting metaphors based on the context, because sometimes the language not always interprets metaphorically.
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The same theory has been used by a student of Indonesian Studies in University of Indonesia, Eko Prasetyo Rahardjo entitled Metafora
Pengungkapan Cinta Pada Pantun Melayu, which observed the metaphor of
love expression from a chapter of Malay Pantun named “Cinta yang Berjaya”. The objective of the analysis is to identify the metaphorical terms of love
expression and describe the relation between source and target domain by using conceptual mapping. The analysis discovered that metaphorical
language which describe abstract things and difficult to explain can be much more understandable. Identified words and phrases also explained metaphor
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Ida Vestermark, Extended Essay: “Metaphors in Politics Essay; A Study of The
Metaphorical Personification of America in Political Discourse”, Department of Language and Culture, Luleå University of Technology, 2007.
