42 is anticonvulsants. These drugs are also useful and more effective for those who
cannot respond well to lithium and cannot accept well the side effects of it. 2 Electroconvulsive
Therapy ECT can also be used for the treatment of manic episodes. There is an
evidence shows that for about 80 percent of manic patients exhibit the indication of reduction and improvement. In addition, it is also noted that the use of mood-
stabilizing drugs followed by ECT can help the reduction or prevent relapse. 3 Family and Marital Therapy
For bipolar disorder, this kind of therapy combine with medication significantly can help in reducing relapse. This therapy needs the interference of
family members or spouse. Their help and support is needed orderly that the sufferer can be recovered in a short period of time.
B. Theoretical Framework
Many theories are needed and required in conducting this study. Therefore, there are some theories used and applied. The theories consist of
literary and psychology theories. Firstly is the literary theories consists of theory of critical approach, character and characterization. The character and
characterization theories are used to help in answering the first problem formulation relevant to the characterization of the main character analyzed in this
study, such as his thinking, mannerism, direct comment, reactions, conversation with others, speech, personal description, and his character as seen by another.
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43 The theory of critical approach proposed by Rohrberger and Woods is
useful to help in determining which approach that suitable to answer the second problem formulation represented in this study. By seeing the second problem
represented in this study, psychology approach is the proper one to answer that problem.
The theory of psychology applied in this study consists of theory of abnormal behavior. That theory is significant in giving the concept of
psychological parts in general needed to depict psychological aspects happening within human beings life. Particularly, theory of manic-depressed disorder applied
in this study can help me to assess deeply about its disorder and what happens in human beings when they experience that disorder. Within the novel, it is shown
that the major character experiences that manic-depressed disorder and it can be proven through his thinking, mannerism, direct comment, reactions, conversation
with others, speech, personal description, and his character as seen by another.
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44
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter consists of three parts. First is subject matter which discusses the novel itself. The second is approaches that will be used to analyze the study.
And the third is procedures including some steps to conduct the study.
A. Object of the Study
This study deals with one of the novels by Paulo Coelho, entitled The Winner Stands Alone. This is the twelfth of Paulo’s work. It was originally
published by Harper in 2009. The novel consists of 343 pages. It contains 32 parts. Each part starts with the time when every episode happens.
The Winner Stands Alone tells about the Igor’s obsession to get his ex-wife back. Igor is a Russian, who is rich, handsome, and intelligent, desperately in love
because his wife leaves him for a successful fashion designer. Igor also has obsession to get his beloved back and he will do everything to get her back, even
though he has to destroy the whole world. It also paints the luxury and glamorous of entertainment world that we often think that it is always full of fun and
happiness, but in fact it is not always like what we think. That is another aspect of this story, to appoint another side of this novel that is abnormal behavior
particularly manic-depressive psychoses that Igor, the major character, shows by how he does something uncommon to get what he wants.
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