20 e
Self-Actualization In this final level where the individual has reached all the first four level,
he or she will try to develop and grow more to become he or she is capable of becoming. Maslow also adds that values such as truth, honesty, beauty, and
goodness can provide meaning to the life of the self- actualized individual.
5. Abnormal Behavior
The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, whose fourth edition DSM-IV published in 1994, considers
“abnormal behavior as a deviation symptom of a dysfunction in the individual and it is associated to present distress or disability”. It must be considered as a
manifestation of behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunction. It can radically increase hazard of death, pain, disability, or an important loss freedom.
The syndrome or pattern is not simply associated with particular event that society can sanction the response, for example the death of loved one” as cited in Carson,
Butcher, and Mineka, 2000, p. 4. Many experts say that abnormal behavior is behavior that deviates from
the norms of the society in which it is enacted. Carson, Butcher, and Mineka explain that the concepts of normal and abnormal behavior are not apart from
reference to given culture because in fact that social and culture perspective are obviously very important p. 5.
They also utter that the consideration to determine the concepts of the normality of behavior is not whether the society can accept it, but whether the
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
21 behavior fosters or threatens individual and group well-being p. 5. Seen from
that perception, abnormal behavior is stated as maladaptive behavior. That behavior includes the traditional categories of mental disorders, such as
alcoholism, assault, hostility, and political corruption, in spite of whether that actions condemned or excused by given society. Those actions can lead to
personal distress that often results in destructive group conflict p. 6. From the delineation above, there are the foremost things that must be
ruled out, that abnormal behavior is manifestation of a behavioral dysfunction or disability. In addition, abnormal behavior is culturally sanctioned that means it
based on the societies’ values and culture, by putting beside the fact that perhaps for others society asses that it is not logic. Seen as behavior as maladaptive,
Carson, Butcher, and Mineka state and define it as manifestation of mental disorder that continually diverge from individual and group well-being. It shows
that behavior as maladaptive can make result harmful and risky consequences for others p. 6.
6. Depressive disorder Unipolar disorder
