2.2.1.1 Definition of Translation
There are many definitions of translation stated by translation theorists. Firstly, Larson 1984: 3 stated that translation consists of transferring the meaning of the
source language into the receptor language. This is done by going from the form of the first language to the form of a second language by way of semantic
structure. It is meaning which is being transferred and must be held constant. In line with the above statement, Catford 1965:20 viewed that translation
is the replacement of textual material in one language SL by equivalent textual material in another language TL. In this case, the one that should be transferred
is the information that a translator has to be able to replace the information of the source language text with the equivalent target language information.
Another definition of translation is also proposed by Bell 1991. He suggested that translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one
language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language. The translation result is a representation of the content of the source text without any
additional meaning. In addition to the definition proposed by Bell, Nida and Taber 1982: 12
argued that translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and
secondly in terms of style. In doing so, a translator may need to make many good grammatical and lexical adjustments.
The fourth definition of translation is suggested by Zaky 2000. According to him, translation is an activity that aims at conveying meaning or
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meanings of a given-linguistic discourse from one language to another, rather than the words or grammatical structures of the original. As a result, translators should
look briefly at the most significant and recent developments in the field of study of meaning, or semantics.
The last but not least is the definition of translation proposed by Ordudari 2008. He claimed that translation is simply the exchange of one set of clothes for
another set of clothes that will cover the same meaning or thought. However, when translators think of translation culture, first they must understand its
background and give some thought to the age in which it was born. Based on some definitions from the translation theorists above, the writer
can conclude that translation is basically an activity of transferring meaning of the source language text by the closest natural equivalent target language text.
2.2.1.2 Kinds of Translation
Kategori