CHAPTER II REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter, the review of related literature relevant to the research objective would be explored. It includes review of previous studies, review of theoretical
studies, and theoretical framework.
2.1 Review of Previous Studies
There were some researchers who conducted the research in the field of translation. Many of them had the same purpose that was to find out the errors
made by the translator in translating a particular text. One of the researches was Tyastuti 2010. She entitled her research with Errors in Translating Idioms in
Narrative Text from English into Indonesian Made by Second Year Students of SMA 7 Semarang. She wrote that in order to achieve a good translation in the
narrative text, the translators need to pay attention to vocabulary, choice of words, grammar, and idiom. From the research she conducted, it was found that most of
the students made incorrect translation because they lack of background knowledge of idiom expression, miscue, and lexical meaning which made the
translation result not equivalent to the target language. Another researcher was Kusumah 2007. She entitled her research with;
The Errors in Translating a Descriptive Text from Indonesian into English Made by the English Department Students of Semarang State University in Academic
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Year 20062007. She conducted the research due to the fact that a lot of translations are difficult to understand and not clearly described which are caused
by incorrectness in understanding the source text and giving extra words or elimination of words which is should be in the source text. Hence, the objective
of her research was to evaluate, analyze, and describe the errors in translating a descriptive text from Indonesian into English. She analyzed the collected data
from the result of the students’ work in doing translation. She found many errors which were mostly caused by the weakness in mastering vocabularies and patterns
of English grammar, and also the carelessness in identifying, selecting, and applying certain equivalence at word, phrase, and grammatical level in the target
language. The similar research was also conducted by Kustanti 2006. She entitled
her study with; Word, above Word, and Grammatical Equivalence in the Translation of J.K. Rowling’s Novel Entitled “Harry Potter and the Goblet of
Fire”. The research was conducted with the objectives of analyzing and classifying the strategies used by a professional translator in achieving
grammatical equivalence. From the result of analysis, she suggested that in translating, the translators not only need to find the acceptable words and
sentences, but they also should find the equivalent words and sentences which convey the same message as that is intended by the author. Hence, the translators
should understand various problems in translation in each level in order to find the nearest equivalent words and sentences in the target language.
Irmawati 2003 also conducted a research on the field of translation. Her study was entitled Grammatical Equivalence in the Indonesian Translation of J.K.
Rowling’s Novel “Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets”. The research was conducted because the preliminary observation showed that the novel contained
various cases of grammatical equivalence covering all categories namely number, gender, person, tense and aspect, and voice. In her paper, she suggested that the
translators not only have to find the grammatically acceptable sentences in the target language, but they also should make the translation natural and clearly
convey the same message that is intended by the author. Considering all of the previous studies conducted, there is still an area of
studies that has not been explored. This area is in finding, evaluating, analyzing, and describing the lexical non-equivalence of translation the students perhaps
make in translating a newspaper article. Therefore, the writer is interested in conducting this research.
2.2 Review of Theoretical Studies
