2.2.1.3 Steps in a Translation Project
In order to produce a good translation, it is essential for the translators to know well the overall steps in a translation project. Larson 1984: 46 argued that there
are seven steps in translation process. Those are establishing the project, exegesis,
transfer and initial draft, evaluation, revised draft, consultation, and final draft.
The first step in a translation project is establishing the project. In this step, a translator tries to understand and consider a number of matters. Larson 1984:
46-51 mentioned that those matters include 1 the text; which refers to the source language document being translated, 2 the target; which refers to the
audience for whom the translation is being prepared, 3 the team; which refers to a number of people who are going to contribute to the translation at some stage in
the project, and 4 the tools; which refers to the written source materials which will be used by the translators as helps.
The next step is exegesis. In this step, a translator tries to discover the meaning of the source language text being translated. According to Larson 1984:
48, this step also includes preparation and analysis which must be done by the translator before anything all can be written in the receptor language.
The third step is called transfer and initial draft. Larson 1984: 48 proposed that after doing the exegesis, a translator can begin transferring the
meaningmessage of the source language into the receptor language text. This transfer then results in initial draft.
After transfer and initial draft, the next step should be done by a translator is evaluation. Larson 1984: 49 argued that in the step of evaluation, the
translator needs to check whether or not: 1 the translation communicates the same meaning as the source language, 2 the audience, for whom the translation
is intended, understand it clearly, and 3 the form of the translation is easy to read and natural receptor language grammar and style. The translator usually needs the
help of the mother-tongue speakers of the receptor language in doing the evaluation.
The fifth step in a translation project proposed by Larson 1984: 50 is revised draft. This is the step in which a translator makes some revisions to the
initial draft based on the feedback he got from the evaluation. The revisions may include some rewordings of the lexical items which may cause misunderstanding.
Being done with the revised draft, Larson 1984: 50 viewed that a translator then needs to have a consultation with translation advisors or
consultants. In this step, the advisors or consultants are expected to analyze and then give comments or suggestions about the accuracy of content, naturalness of
style, and effect on the receptor language audience. The last step in translating is final draft. This is the step in which a
translator makes some final revisions based on the consultants’ suggestions. In addition, Larson 1984: 51 also suggested that the translator needs to check the
translation again with mother-tongue speakers in order to ensure that everything has been done well.
2.2.1.4 Problems in Translating
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