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Therefore, based on the micro- and macroskills that have been determined, the writing activity and process should include them as well as employ writing
strategies needed by the students. It aims to help students in constructing the ideas effectively and make them easier to make various kinds of texts.
2. The Writing Learning Process
It is important for the teacher to understand how their students learn, because it will be a consideration how the teacher will teach them. There are many different
theories of learning process. Slavin in Brown 2007:7 defines learning as a change in an individual caused by experience.
Meanwhile Burns in Dunn 2002 conceives learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior including both observable activity and internal
processes such as thinking, attitudes and emotions.
a. Writing Process Approach
Unlike the product-approach that focuses on the final product, this approach concerns more on the process of how the students develop ideas and formulate them
into effective writing works. Students are seen as the language creators in which they are given chances to experience the process of writing, try to organize and express
their ideas clearly. The activities are intentionally designed to facilitate the students become the
language creators. Here are lists of typical writing activities done in the process approach mentioned by Brown 2004:335.
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a focus on the process of writing that leads to the final written products, b help student writers to understand their own composing process,
c help them to build repertoires of strategies for prewriting, drafting, and
rewriting, d give students time to write and rewrite,
e let students discover what they want to say as they write, f give students feedback throughout the composing process not just on the
final product as they attempt to bring their expression closer and closer to intention,
g include individual conferences between teacher and student during the process of composition.
b. Process of Writing
In producing good composition of text in writing, it goes through many stages before it is finished. Although no two writers approach writing in exactly the same
way, they generally follow six series of action as stated by Meyers 2005: 3-12. The steps are:
1 Explore Ideas Writing first involves discovering ideas. Before starting to write, a writer has
to explore hisher mind as many ideas as possible freely, then heshe record it to save the idea.
2 Pre-write In this step a writer does not have to worry about the grammar, diction,
spelling, or punctuation because heshe will revise it later. There are three steps in pre-writing: first, brainstorming. It is listing thought as they come in
mind. Second, clustering, in this step, a writer may write the subject in the middle of the page, circle it and then write related ideas around the main
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circle. And the last is free writing, in this step, a writer simply writes about subject without worrying about the sentence structure, spelling, logic and
grammar. 3 Organize
A writer begins to organize idea after putting hisher idea into words. This process involves selecting, subtracting, and adding ideas, and then outlining.
4 Write a first draft In this step, a writer writes quickly to record his or her thoughts and then put
notes and new ideas in the margins. 5 Revise the draft
Revising is among the most important steps of writing, especially for people who write in a second language. A writer may add or omit ideas of material,
move and remove ideas material that has not fitted, revise it several times until produce good composition of text. It is considering as the part of writing
process that may take the most time. 6 Produce the final copy
Finally, writer edits copy over or prints a clean final copy after heshe had revised the draft. Notice that this final copy draft is more entertaining than the
original. All of its content develops the main point. Its sentences are clear. And it has plenty of details.
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From the explanation above, it can be concluded that writing is a series of process through step by step chronologically. Its process is important in producing a
qualified text composition of writing.
3. Teaching Writing
