Presupposition The Scope of Pragmatics

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b. Presupposition

With regard to Presupossition, Yule 1996 states that it is something the speaker assumes to be the case before producing utterances. Moreover, he says that presupposition deals with the relationship between two propositions, for instance the utterance “Mary’s dog is cute” means that Mary has a dog. He categorizes presupposition into seven. They consist of potential presupposition, potential presupposition, factive presupposition, lexical presupposition, structural presupposition, non- factive presupposition, and counterfactual presupposition. Potential presupposition is an assumption which is related to the use of linguistic form for example the verb regret in “He regrets doing that” shows an assumption that he actually did that. The second type of presupposition is existential presupposition. It deals with assumptions in which someone or something exists known by the use of a noun phrase e.g. “Your bag”. This is assumed that you have a bag. The third type of presupposition is factive presupposition. It refers to the assumptions in which information said after such words as realize, regret, be, aware, odd and glad is true, for instance “We regret telling him ”. This is assumed that we told him. The fourth type of presupposition is lexical presupposition. It has the idea that the assumptions in which the speakers can act as if another meaning of words is understood e.g. “He stopped smoking”. This is assumed that he used to smoke. The fifth type of presupposition is structural presupposition. It is the assumptions in which part of a sentence structure has information being considered as already known e.g. “Where did you buy the bike?”. This is assumed that you bought the bike. The next type of presupposition is non-factive presupposition. It is related to PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 22 the assumptions in which particular information is not true e.g. “We imagined we were in Hawaii. This is assumed that we were not in Hawaii. The last type of presupposition is counterfactual presupposition. It deals wirh the assumptions in which certain information has the opposite meaning to the fact e.g “If you were my friend, you would have helped me ”. This is assumed that you are not my friend.

c. Cooperative Principles