Type of study Data Collection Techniques

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter elaborates the steps involved in the study. It consists of the type of study, data collection techniques, data analysis techniques, research instruments, and the trustworthiness of the data. The type of study discusses the approach used in this research. Meanwhile, data collection techniques, data analysis techniques, and instruments discuss how the data are collected and analyzed using research instruments. The last section in this chapter discusses how the validity of the research data is achieved. Each section is presented below.

A. Type of study

This study is categorized as descriptive qualitative because the nature of the study is targeted to describe the types of illocutionary acts found in Jokowi ’s speeches, the reasons of performing such illocutionary acts viewed from its context and the possible perlocutionary effects of the dominant types of illocutionary acts. According to Bogdan and Biklen 1982, qualitative research has some characteristics. Firstly, it is naturalistic. Qualitative research has actual settings as the direct source of data and the researcher is the key instrument. Researchers enter and spend considerable time in schools learning about educational concerns. Although some people use video tape equipment and recording devices, many go completely unarmed save for a pad and a pencil. Secondly, qualitative research is descriptive. The collected data take the forms of words or pictures rather than numbers. The data 50 include interview transcripts, field notes, photographs, videotapes, personal documents, memos, or other official records. The next characteristic of qualitative research is that it is concerned with the process rather than with outcomes or products. Also, it is inductive meaning that qualitative researchers tend to analyze their data inductively. They do not search out the data or evidence to prove or disprove hypotheses they hold before entering the study. The last characteristic is that meaning becomes essential part of qualitative approach. In this case, the researchers who use this approach are interested in how different people make sense of their lives.

B. Data Collection Techniques

Data is an important element in a research and may have many different forms. According to Subroto 1992, the data in a research are the fixed materials which are suitable to solve the research problems. In this research, the data are in the form of words, phrases, sentences found in Jokowi’s speeches which have been transcribed. The speeches consist of 1568 words and 115 sentences. Also, there are 94 speech excerpts analyzed in this study. The researcher utilized documentation technique in collecting the data. In this case, the researcher browsed and downloaded the recorded speeches delivered by Jokowi from www.youtube.com. The video was then transcribed and analyzed. There are two speeches analyzed in this research. The first speech was delivered in APEC CEO summit 2014 forum held in November 10, 2014 in Tiongkok. Meanwhile, the 51 second speech was delivered in World Economic Forum on East Asia held from 19- 21 April 2015 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Both speeches were delivered in English. In making these speeches, Jokowi was helped by a certain team of which members include the Head of the Presidential Staff, The Minister of Foreign Affair, The Minister of State Secretariat and some other ministers. The two speeches were selected as the objects of the research because the speeches were delivered in a the world forum which promote the economic prosperity of the nations. The main agenda of Jokowi as the seventh president of Indonesia is to boost the economic condition in Indonesia. With regard to this, speech in the bussiness forum becomes an important media for Jokowi to socialize his agenda as well as persuade the relevant parties to collaborate in achieving the economic prosperity. Also, the languages utilized in political speeches are characterized by the intention of the speakers to persuade, build image, or influence people. Therefore, speeches were interested to be analyzed.

C. Data Analysis Techniques