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Subianto. Though Subianto alleged that there had been widespread vote rigging and formally challenged t
he election result, the country’s Constitutional Court unanimously rejected his claim in August, clearing the way for Jokowi to take
office on October 20. As Jokowi entered the presidency, he identified clamping- down on corruption as among his top priorities and as a necessary step to attract
more foreign direct investment to the country. He also pushed a nine-point plan for Indonesia that emphasized helping the poor by improving public services,
implementing land reforms, and developing more-affordable housing, among other measures Hollar, 2014.
B. Previous Research Findings
There are many researches which investigate speech acts. One of them was conducted by Elizabeth 2004. She did her research in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Interdepartmental Program in Linguistics from Graduate Faculty of the
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College. Her research entitled “Variation in the Performance of Speech Acts in Peninsular
Spanish: Apologies and requests ”. This research examines variations in the
performance of speech acts and additional discourse features in situational speech patterns of Peninsular Spanish. Forty participants from Castile and
Andalusia were interviewed, and the data were coded to examine the differences in speech act realizations and the use of specific discourse features. The
participants’ responses were classified by regional, gender, and age differences for the data set. Sociolinguistic differences in the use of additional discourse
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features were also compared, examining the use of alerters, personal address items, intensifiers, polite markers, hedges, accepting responsibility, offering
repair, and the expression of need. In addition, native speaker judgments and metalinguistic discussions were conducted to test the speech act data of
participants from Castile and Andalusia and to verify the acceptability of the responses.
The research findings show that little variation is seen in the performance of speech acts viewed from the aspects of region, gender, and age. The speech
acts for apologies and requests are formulaic in nature, and only change with situational variation. Likewise, even though some differences exist, there is no
statistical significance in the use of additional discourse features according to region, gender, and age. The use of these discourse features provides information
for Spanish language variation and in the areas of linguistic politeness and language and gender. Results from the metalinguistic discussions provide
qualitative data, supporting the findings of speech act realizations. The next research related to speech acts was conducted by Alaba 2013.
His research entitled “A Speech Act Analysis of the Acceptance of Nomination Speeches of Chief Obafemi Awolowo and Chief M.K.O. Abiola
”. This study investigated the role of language in the communication and interpretation of
intentions by examining selected political speeches as pieces of discourse with specific goals. It presented and documented some of the significant illocutionary
acts that conveyed the intentions of speakers in the acceptance of nomination speeches of presidential candidates in Nigeria. The acceptance of nomination
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speeches of Chief Obafemi Awolowo and Chief M.K.O. Abiola form the bulk of data. The study was based on insight from J.L. Austin 1962 speech act theory.
The research findings showed that there were five categories of speech acts. They included assertive acts 27.3, expressive acts 22.70, commissive
acts 22.70, directive acts 18.2 and declarative acts which account for 9.1 of the total data. The study has revealed that the acceptance of nomination
speeches were characterised by illocutionary acts that were used to achieve persuasion. Hence, the data were characterized by a preponderance of assertive,
expressive and commissive acts that were mostly used as mobilization strategies, especially in political campaigns, where it was essential for candidates to persuade
their listeners to win elections. The acts performed in the speeches examined were essentially similar; however, they were encoded more explicitly by Chief Abiola
than Chief Awolowo. Another research regarding speech acts was conducted by Ardiansyah
2015. His research for the attainment of Master degree from Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta entitled
“Students Expressive Speech Acts Operated in Teaching Learning Conversation in ELTI GRAMEDIA Surakarta
”. The research aimed to describe the realizations of expressive speech acts used by students, to
explain the students’ strategies in their expressive utterances, to explain the students’ intentions in performing expressive utterances. The data of the
research were collected from the teaching-learning conversation in ELTI GRAMEDIA Surakarta employed by students aged 19-23 years old.
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In reference to the research data, it was found that students were often unaware of their expressive act and they employed only common expressive
speech acts in their talk. The types of expressive acts identified were thanking, congratulating, blaming, praising and apologizing. In terms of their
strategy, the students barely made a direct expressive speech act in their utterances. This seems to imply their low level of English proficiency.
This research has similarities and differences to the previous researches presented above. The similarity of this research and the previous researches
above is that the researches analyze the speech acts. Meanwhile, the difference lies on case being analyzed. The first research focuses on analysing Speech Acts
on Apologies and requests. The second research focuses on analyzing Speeches of Chief Obafemi Awolowo and Chief M.K.O. Abiola. The third research
focuses on Students Expressive Speech Acts. Meanwhile, this research focuses on investigating the selected speeches performed by the Seventh President of
The Republic of Indonesia, Jokowi. Also, this research has presented deeper analysis by observing the reasons and the possible perlocutionary effects of
performing illocutionary acts. These differences may give new findings that lead to different results.
C. Theoretical Framework
