Suggestions CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

83 people of Indonesia in general. One of the effects is that the audience may collaborate with Jokowi ’s administration. Another dominant assertive act is describing. Based on the research findings, Jokowi described a rationale why they should perform changes. The possible effect of performing this act is that the hearers or audience may perform the changes especially in the economic sector since the condition in the world has changed. Instead of assertive, Jokowi’s speeches were dominated by commisives. Based on the research data, there are two different types of commisives which consist of promising and offering. The act of promising is more dominant than that of offering. The dominant act of promising may give a possible effect that the hearers may expect som ething from Jokowi’s government. The expectations provided by Jokowi may improve the optimism of the audience to do business in Indonesia.

B. Suggestions

The findings of this research may lead to the suggestions for the following parties. 1. Students of English Language Studies The students of English Language Studies may learn speech acts. This can minimize the misunderstanding occurred in communication since the study of speech acts gives knowledge about the intended meaning behind the utterance. Also, there are many types of speech acts found in daily conversation. Therefore, this study may smooth the communication process. 84 2. Researchers Speech act has a broad coverage. There are many interrelated aspects of speech acts that can be analyzed. This research only focuses on the analysis of illocutionary acts found in speeches. With regard to this, other researchers may investigate speech acts in different context such as in a dialogue, song lyrics and the like therefore it may enrich the pattern or model of speech acts. 85 REFERENCES A. Printed Sources Aitchison, J. 2003. Teach Yourself: Linguistics. London: Hodder and Stoughthon Ltd. AR, Syamsudin and Vismaia Damayanti. 2007.Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa. Bandung: Rosda Austin, J. L. 1962. How to Do Things with Words. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Beard, A. 2000. The Language of Politics. London: Routledge. Bogdan, C.R. and Biklen, K.S. 1982. Qualitative Research for Education An Introduction to Theory and Methods. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Brown G and Yule G. 1983. Teaching the Spoken Language. Cambridge: CUP. Clark and Clark. 1997. Psychology and Language: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. New York: Oxford University Press. Cook, Guy. 1989. Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Cutting, J. 2002. Pragmatics and Discourse. London: Routledge. Finch, G. 2000. Linguistic Terms and Concepts. London: Macmillan Press. Finegan, E., D. Blair, and P. Collins. 1997. Language: Its Structure and Use 2nd Ed.. Sydney: Harcourt. Halliday, M. A. K. and R. Hasan. 1986. Language, Context, and Text: Aspect of Language in Social Semantic Perspective. Victoria: Deakin University Press. Holmes, J. 1992. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. London: Longman Group UK Limited. Grice, P. 1975. Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Joseph, J. E. 2006. Language and Politics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kreidler, C. W. 1998. Introducing English Semantics. London: Routledge. 86 Leech, G. 1996. Principles of Pragmatics. New York: Longman. Levinson, S. 1983. Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Meetham, A. R and Hudson, R. A. 1969. Encyclopedia of Linguistics, Information, and Control. 1 st Ed. Oxford: Pergamon Press Ltd. Mey, J. L. 1993. Pragmatics: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell Publisher Ltd. Miles dan Huberman. 1992. Analisis Data Kualitatif: Buku Sumber Metode- Metode Baru. Jakarta: UI Press. Moleong, Lexy. 2000. Metodologi Penelitan Kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya. Nunan, D. 1993. Introducing Discourse Analysis. England: Penguin Group. Richards, Jack C and Richard Schmidt. 2002. Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 3 rd Ed., London: Pearson Education Limited. Searle, J. R. 1969. Speech Acts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. _______.1976. A Classification of Illocutionary Acts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ______. 2005. Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Subroto, Edi. 1992. Pengantar Metoda Penelitian Linguistik Struktural. Surakarta: Sebelas Maret University Press Sudaryanto. 1993. Metode dan Aneka Tehnik Analisis Bahasa Pengantar Penelitian Wahana Kebudayaan secara Linguistik. Yogyakarta: Duta Wacana University Press. Thomas, L., Wareing S., Singh, I., Peccei, J.S., Thornborrow, J.,and John, J. 2004. Language, Society, and Power. London: Routledge. Wardhaugh, R. 1986. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics 2nd Edition. Oxford UK Cambridge USA: Blackwell. Widdowson, H.G. 1996. Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Wijayana, D. P. 1996. Dasar-dasar Pragmatik. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 87 Yule, G. 1996. Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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