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b. Context of Socio-cultural
Another type of context is socio-cultural context. This influences the linguistic choices of the speakers. With regard to this, Malinowski in Halliday and
Hasan 1986 says that the context of culture refers to the institutional and ideological background which provides value and contains an interpretation. For
instance, one says X that will be considered as rude in a particular group of conversation but X may not be considered as rude in another group of
conversation because both groups of conversation may have different cultures. Any linguistic interaction involves the whole cultural history of the
participants and the kind of practices they engage in. In short, it is not sufficient if people only take into account the context of situation and ignore the cultural
context.
6. Language of Politics
Language is widely used in the field of politics to persuade and influence people. According to Joseph 2006, language reflects
the speaker‘s intelligence, industry, and social worthiness level of exposure or education. Interpreting
language use in this way belongs to a political act. The power and responsibility of the speakers can be reflected from the linguistic-political dimension that
utilizes languages to achieve their goals. In relation to politics, Thomas 2004 states that politics deals with power
including the power of making decisions, controlling resources, controlling other people‘s behavior and often controlling their values. Politics cannot be separated
from power. The power acquisition and political beliefs enforcement can be PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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gained using some strategies, namely through physical coercion or legal system. The physical coercion events that are regarded as significant in history involve the
imposition, military rules, dictatorial regimes, and the like. Some types of coercions are also implemented in a democracy through the legal system e.g. there
are laws which regulate where people are supposed to litter, laws on the prohibition of destroying others belongings, and the laws that rule where and
when people can drink alcohol legally. If someone breaks these laws, they will be fined, arrested and imprisoned. They are examples of political ends gained by
coercions. In order to secure power, it is necessary to persuade and convince
everyone that what you want to achieve is the same as what they want. With regard to this, an ideology needs to be established i.e. the ideology that makes the
beliefs which you want people to hold appear to be common sense. Therefore, it makes difficult for them to question that dominant ideology.
7. The profile of JokoWidodo
Joko Widodo, commonly called Jokowi, was born in June 21, 1961, in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. He is an Indonesian businessman, politician,
and government official. He successfully attracted international attention with his populist style of campaigning and his anticorruption platform. His success at the
polls was viewed by many analysts as marking the beginning of a new, more democratic era of Indonesian politics Hollar, 2014.
Hollar 2014 adds that Jokowi applied himself at school and won admittance to Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta, from which he graduated in
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1985 with a degree in forestry engineering. For several years, he worked for a state-owned pulp mill in the Aceh region of northern Sumatra, and he later
established his own furniture factory in Surakarta. By 2002, he had become a highly successful furniture exporter, with showrooms on several continents, as
well as chairman of a local branch of the country’s influential furniture manufacturers’ association.
Jokowi, as a member of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle Partai Demokrasi Indonesia-Perjuangan; PDI-P, won election as mayor of
Surakarta in 2005. He was extraordinarily effective in reducing crime and attracting foreign tourists to the city. His habit of making spontaneous visits to
poor neighbourhoods and his refusal to accept a salary for his public service contributed to his reputation for humility and honesty. In 2010, Jokowi was
reelected as mayor with more than 90 percent of the vote. He was later ranked as the third best mayor in the world by the international City Mayors Foundation.
During his gubernatorial run in Jakarta in 2012, Jokowi began to be widely compared in the media to U.S. President Barack Obama partly because there was
a physical resemblance and Jokowi largely fit the Obama mold as a charismatic non-traditional politician. Jokowi ousted the incumbent, Fauzi Bowo, in the
second round of that election, and, as governor of Jakarta, he launched programs aimed at improving Jakartans’ access to health care and education.
In 2014 the PDI-P selected Jokowi to be its candidate for the Indonesian presidential election, which was held on July 9. He was swept to victory with
more than 53 percent of the popular vote, defeating former general Prabowo PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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Subianto. Though Subianto alleged that there had been widespread vote rigging and formally challenged t
he election result, the country’s Constitutional Court unanimously rejected his claim in August, clearing the way for Jokowi to take
office on October 20. As Jokowi entered the presidency, he identified clamping- down on corruption as among his top priorities and as a necessary step to attract
more foreign direct investment to the country. He also pushed a nine-point plan for Indonesia that emphasized helping the poor by improving public services,
implementing land reforms, and developing more-affordable housing, among other measures Hollar, 2014.
B. Previous Research Findings
There are many researches which investigate speech acts. One of them was conducted by Elizabeth 2004. She did her research in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Interdepartmental Program in Linguistics from Graduate Faculty of the
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College. Her research entitled “Variation in the Performance of Speech Acts in Peninsular
Spanish: Apologies and requests ”. This research examines variations in the
performance of speech acts and additional discourse features in situational speech patterns of Peninsular Spanish. Forty participants from Castile and
Andalusia were interviewed, and the data were coded to examine the differences in speech act realizations and the use of specific discourse features. The
participants’ responses were classified by regional, gender, and age differences for the data set. Sociolinguistic differences in the use of additional discourse
