7 Every students able to comment and provide feedback to the other
students’ opinions. 8
There are opportunity for each student to use various learning resources.
9 An attempt for each student to assess the learning outcomes
achieved. 10
An attempt of the students to ask the teacher or ask for teachers’opinion.
d. How To Improve Students’ Learning Activities
Dimyati and Mudjiono 2009: 62-63 state that teachers can do some ways to make the students active in learning as follows:
1
Use more than one method and multimedia.
2 Give task individually or in a group.
3 Give chance to the students to do experiment in a small group.
4 Give task to read the materials, write unclear things.
5
Hold question and answer session, and discussion. 3.
Cooperative Learning Method a.
Definition of Cooperative Learning
Cooperative Learning implies basically as an attitude or behavior in work or helping among others in the group structure, which consists
of two or more people work where success is strongly influenced by the involvement of each member of the group itself Solihatin Raharjo,
2007: 15.
According to Slavin 1992 cooperative learning is a model of learning where students study and work in small groups whose
members collaboratively 4-6 students with heterogeneous group structure.
Wina Sanjaya 2009: 240 defines cooperative learning as learning model which is use small group system, there are 4-6 students
with different academic ability, gender, race, or ethnic heterogenic. Scoring systems done to the groups. Each group will acquire reward, if
the group is able to get the point that is required. Thus, each group will have positive dependence. The dependence is to improve the individual
responsibility to their group and improve the interpersonal skills from each group. Each individual will help each other, they will have
motivation to their group success, thus each individual will have same opportunity to give contribution in their group. Further, according to
Solihatin and Rahardjo Tukiran Taniredja, 2011: 56, cooperative learning means a structure in which a group task is done together with
all members of the group. Cooperative learning model is different with working in group as usual. There are some basic elements that make it
different from spontaneously group dividing Anita Lie, 2002: 29. Miftahul Huda 2013 states that cooperative learning can be
implemented for all academic tasks. Cooperative learning should involve the students who have low, medium, and high competences
thus the balance among them can be achieve. Educationists suggest cooperative learning model to be used in instructional process.
Wina Sanjaya 2009: 241 says that cooperative learning has two components, it is cooperative task and cooperative incentive structure.
Cooperative task related to the things that cause members to work together in completing the group task. Cooperative incentive structure
is something that motivating individuals to work together to achieve the goals of the group.
From some definitions above, it can be concluded that cooperative learning model is learning model which is use small group
system 4-6 students with different academic ability, gender, race, or ethnic heterogenic that encourages students to do cooperation in
learning to achieve the goal.
b. Principles of Cooperative Learning
According to Wina Sanjaya 2009: 244-245, there are 4 principles in cooperative learning. These are:
1 Positive dependence principle
In group learning, the success of the completing the task depends on how the members work. Thus, every members in a
group will feel dependent to each other. To create the effective group, every members should divide the job based on the goal of
the group. The job should suit with the ability of every member. This is the essence of positive dependence principle which means
