The Characteristics of Students’ Learning Motivation

Students ’ activities during the learning process is one of indicator of the desire of students to learn. According to Oemar Hamalik 2001: 28, “Belajar adalah suatu proses perubahan tingkah laku individu melalui interaksi dengan lingkungan”. Sardiman A.M. 2003: 22 said “Belajar merupakan suatu proses interaksi antara diri manusia dengan lingkungannya yang mungkin berwujud pribadi, fakta, konsep ataupun teori”. Dimyati and Mudjiono 2009: 44-46 state that learning activity is all of the learnings form in which students can participate in the teaching and learning process actively whether in the form of interaction among the students themselves or between students and teacher. Then, researcher can conclude that learning activity is all activities that performed in the process of interaction between teacher and students in order to achieve the purpose of learning. Activities here is focused on students, that is students active in the learning process, active learning as presented by Rochman Natawijaya on DEPDIKNAS 2005: 31, “Pembelajaran aktif adalah suatu sistem belajar mengajar yang menekankan keaktifan siswa secara fisik, mental intelektual dan emosional guna memperoleh hasil belajar berupa perpaduan antara aspek kog nitif, afektif dan psikomotor”.

b. Classification of Students’ Learning Activities

Paul B. Dierich on Sardiman, 2004: 101, classifying the students ’ learning activities as follows: 1 Visual activity Reading, viewing pictures, watching experiments, demonstrations, exhibitions, and watching other people work and play. 2 Oral activity Suggests a fact or principle, connect an event, ask questions, make suggestions, give an opinions, interviews, discussions and interruptions. 3 Listening activity Listening to the presentation of the material, listening to conversations or group discussions, listening to a game, listening to the radio. 4 Writing activity Write a story, write a report, check the composition, the ingredients, make a summary, doing the tests and completed questionnaires. 5 Drawing activity Draw, make a chart, diagrams, maps and pattern.