thus the balance among them can be achieve. Educationists suggest cooperative learning model to be used in instructional process.
Wina Sanjaya 2009: 241 says that cooperative learning has two components, it is cooperative task and cooperative incentive structure.
Cooperative task related to the things that cause members to work together in completing the group task. Cooperative incentive structure
is something that motivating individuals to work together to achieve the goals of the group.
From some definitions above, it can be concluded that cooperative learning model is learning model which is use small group
system 4-6 students with different academic ability, gender, race, or ethnic heterogenic that encourages students to do cooperation in
learning to achieve the goal.
b. Principles of Cooperative Learning
According to Wina Sanjaya 2009: 244-245, there are 4 principles in cooperative learning. These are:
1 Positive dependence principle
In group learning, the success of the completing the task depends on how the members work. Thus, every members in a
group will feel dependent to each other. To create the effective group, every members should divide the job based on the goal of
the group. The job should suit with the ability of every member. This is the essence of positive dependence principle which means
that to complete the task is needed a good cooperation from every members of the group.
2 Personal responsibility
Because the success of the group depends on the members of the group, every member should have their own responsibility.
3 Face-to-face Interaction
Cooperative learning gives space and chance to every members of the group to have face-to-face interaction in order to
exchange information. This face-to-face interaction gives experience to the students of every group to do cooperation,
appreciate every difference, and make use of every strength owned by the members, and fill the weakness of every member.
4 Participation and Communication
Cooperative learning helps students to be able to do active participation and communication. This ability is important for their
basic in the society. c.
Characteristics of Cooperative Learning
Cooperative learning is different from the other learning model. The differences can be seen from the teaching and learning process
which emphasizes on the process of cooperation in a group. The goal that should be achieved is not only focus on the academic, in the
meaning of definition of the material, but also focus on the use of cooperation to understand the material. The presence of cooperation
