Table 4: The Effects of the Abuses Experienced by Tess
Table 5: The Effects of the Abuses on Tess ‟ Personality Development
D. The Technique of the Data Collection
The researcher used several steps in collecting the data. The steps were reading, re-reading, note taking, and categorizing the data. First, the researcher
read the autobiography entitled Sold written by Tess Stevens to get understanding of the content of the book. Second, the researcher re-read the autobiography
several times to get better understanding. Third, the researcher took notes of several important information or data which were related to the topic of the
research. Fourth, the information or data which has been noted were categorized into four categories. To answer the first question, the researcher found the abuses
No. Category
Page Quotation
Meaning
1
No. Category
Page Quotation Meaning
1
experienced by Tess and categorized the abuses according to its types. To answer the second question, the researcher found the causes of abuse and categorized
them according to their causes. Then, to answer the third question, the researcher found the effects of the abuses experienced by Tess and categorized them
according to the effects. Finally, to answer the fourth question, the researcher found the effects of the abuses on Tess
‟ personality development and categorized them according to the effects on Te
ss‟ personality development.
E. Data Analysis
The processes of data analysis are listed below. 1.
First, the researcher read and re-read the categorized data to get better understanding of the data which have correlation with the research.
2. Second, the researcher arranged and sorted the categorized data according to its
order, which is by sorting the pages of the data according to the most significant order.
3. Third, the researcher interpreted the data by giving further explanation and
giving meaning by interrelating the data and the theories used in the research. 4.
Fourth, the researcher reported the findings in the thesis.
F. Data Trustworthiness
Triangulation was applied to achieve the validity and the trustworthiness of the data. According to Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009: 179, triangulation is
used to establish validity and reliability of data. The researcher read and evaluated
the data related to the theory that was used in this research. Next, the researcher found any additional references to support the data. After that, he consulted the
research with the first consultant Dr. Widyastuti Purbani, M.A., and the second consultant Eko Rujito Dwi Atmojo, M.Hum. Then, the researcher discussed the
research with his friends; Happy Pramukti and Zidnie Ilma from the English Language and Literature Study Program of the State University of Yogyakarta to
get their advice and support in order to create a better analysis of the work. The researcher chose those two students because both understand the theories used by
the researcher. After the researcher did all of the steps, the research could be trustworthy.
