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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the literature review of the study. It is divided into two parts, namely theoretical description and theoretical framework. The
researcher reviews some theories related to swearing which serve as a guide of this study. The theories reviewed include the types of swearing and the reasons for
swearing. The conceptual framework and analytical construct of the research are also provided at the end of this chapter.
A. Theoretical Description
This chapter explores the literature review containing several theories that are used to guide the process of this research. The discussion covers taboo, taboo
words, and swear words. This research also describes the story of 21
st
Jump Street movie as the object of the research. Moreover, the conceptual framework and
analytical construct of the research are also provided in the end of this section.
1. The Concept of Taboo
Based on some cultures, the concept of taboo might be different but the meaning remains the same which is impolite and prohibited words to utter.
According to Allan and Burridge 2006 nothing is taboo for everyone, under all circumstances, for all time. This means the definition of taboo for every people
might be different. What is considered taboo for American, might be acceptable for Indonesian.
10 Trudgill 1974 defines taboo as a behavior that is supernaturally
forbidden, or regarded as immoral or improper; it deals with behavior which is prohibited. In language, taboo is associated with things that should not be said,
and words or expression which should not be used. In accordance with that statement, there is a strong bond between taboo behavior and taboo language.
Both of them are forbidden because they are categorized as something immoral and improper. Furthermore, Fairman 2009 also states that every culture has its
own taboo acts and taboo words. Taboo acts are related to any activities that should not be done, while taboo words are related to any words that should not be
said. Due to what is immoral and improper, Brown and Attardo 2005 state that
almost in all society, taboo words are usually uttered in the form of sexual or reproductive organs, excretory organs, taboo breaking behavior, racialethnic
slurs, and blasphemy. Indonesian people for the example have taboo words like kontol, vagina, itil, silit, and memek etc. American people have taboo words like
cunt, dick, tits, and asshole etc. Both of those society have taboo words in the form of reproductive organs.
Standing on the idea of taboo, the researcher will only focus on taboo words rather than taboo acts, therefore the definition and concept of taboo words
will be explained below.
2. Taboo Words
People define taboo words as words that should not be said in daily conversation, because someone who uses taboo words can make the listenerthe
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