highest frequency of forms of code mixing. The second place is Hybrid insertion. It may because when the speakers or the samples mix their language with English, they are still
influenced by the structure of bahasa Indonesia, that is, the use of affixes such as se-, -nya, - mu, etc. Besides, they feel more comfortable using those kinds of affixes rather than using the
original structure of English. Phrase insertion becomes the third place, it may because there are just a few phrases in English that familiar for Indonesian speakers or perhaps they do not
know which phrases is. The fourth form is reduplication insertion, this type is less frequently used may because it is heard displeasing by the listener and the speaker as well. The last one
is idiom or expression insertion. this insertion have no number because, there is no idiom that used by the samples. It may happen because the samples do not know which idiom in English
is and English idiom is not familiar to them.
IV.3 Reasons Why 2009 Batch Use Code Switching And Code Mixing in Their Daily Social Activities.
After discussing the type of code switching and the forms of code mixing, the writer now will discuss about the probable reasons why the speakers or the samples mix or switch
their language.
Bathia and Ritchie proposed four reasons why people mix or switch their language, they are : participants roles and relationship, situasional factors, message-intrinsic factors and
language attitudes, dominance and security. In this research, the writer ignore participants roles and relationship reason. In this population area, participant is not influence the speaker to mix or
switch their language because all the population and the samples are English Literature Department students who speak English fluently or at least know about English. It is shown in
some conversations, there is a time when speaker A speaks in English and speaker B reply the statement or the question in Bahasa Indonesia, for example in conversation 20 line 5-8.
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Situational factors also ignored by the writer because setting, class, religion, gender and age in this observation is not influence the samples about their language choice. Language
attitude, dominance and security is psychological factor that also ignored by the writer. In this population, another language is accepted to involve in a conversation so the speakers or the
samples can mix or switch their language freely. When the writer do the observation, there is no situation that makes the samples feel not secure then they mix or switch their language. As the
writer write above, that the samples are the students of English Literature Department who fluent enough in English, so they can mix or switch their language and accept it well.
So, the writer only focus on message-instrinsic factor.
Table IV.3 The Frequency of the Occurrence of the Reasons of Code Mixing and Code Switching in the Conversations Between the Students of English Literature Department
2009 Batch.
No. Reasons of Code Mixing and
Code Switching Frequency
Percentages
1. Participants Roles and Relationship
2. Situasional Factors setting, topic, class,
gender, religiom, age 3.
Message-Intrinsic Factors •
Idioms and deep-rooted cultural wisdom. •
Topic-Comment Relative Clauses •
Reiteration •
Quotations 112
49 28
4 57,7
25, 3 14,4
2,1
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• Hedging
• Interjections
1 0,5
4. Language Attitudes, Dominance, Security.
TOTAL 194
100
There are 193 reasons why the speakers or the samples mix or switch their language that divided into 6 parts. Although there are only 187 sentences that including code mixing
and code switching in in. idiom and deep-rooted cultular wisdom is the highest frequency that the speakers or the samples use in their conversations that occur 112 times 57,7 but most
of them are common words that familiar to the speakers. The second place is topic-comment relative clauses that occurs 49 times 25,3 , it is because sometimes the speakers comment
or continue other speakers speech by mix or switch their language. Reiteration is in the third place that occurs 28 times 14,4 , it is because sometimes the speakers or the samples
repeat their sentences by mix or switch the language to clarify it, or sometimes they repeat other’s sentences. Quotations means that the speakers or the samples use a word or a sentence
that this forms is the real word or sentence from other speaker. It occurs 4 times 2,1 . Hedging occurs 1 time 0,5 while interjections get nothing in the observation.
a. Idiom and Deep-Rooted Cultural Wisdom
