• Hedging
• Interjections
1 0,5
4. Language Attitudes, Dominance, Security.
TOTAL 194
100
There are 193 reasons why the speakers or the samples mix or switch their language that divided into 6 parts. Although there are only 187 sentences that including code mixing
and code switching in in. idiom and deep-rooted cultular wisdom is the highest frequency that the speakers or the samples use in their conversations that occur 112 times 57,7 but most
of them are common words that familiar to the speakers. The second place is topic-comment relative clauses that occurs 49 times 25,3 , it is because sometimes the speakers comment
or continue other speakers speech by mix or switch their language. Reiteration is in the third place that occurs 28 times 14,4 , it is because sometimes the speakers or the samples
repeat their sentences by mix or switch the language to clarify it, or sometimes they repeat other’s sentences. Quotations means that the speakers or the samples use a word or a sentence
that this forms is the real word or sentence from other speaker. It occurs 4 times 2,1 . Hedging occurs 1 time 0,5 while interjections get nothing in the observation.
a. Idiom and Deep-Rooted Cultural Wisdom
Most of the code switching and code mixing that occur in these conversations are the familiar words using by the speakers or the samples in their community group. For examples:
conversation 1, line 6 : “iya nanti pas uda sore baru kita happy birthday a .. jadi dia
kayak dia kayak”
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In this example, the speaker try to explain his friends about their plan to make a surprise party for their birthday friend. The pharse happy birthday is a familiar one to
Indonesian speakers. This has been frequently used by people rather than ’selamat ulang tahun’. So, when the speaker mix his language, the listeners are understand about it well.
Conversation 2, line 5 : “supaya badmood, badmood..”
In this example, the speaker explaining the detail of their plan to their birthday friend. They want to make their friend feels upset and sad. He uses the word ‘badmood’ rather than
‘perasaan yang buruk’ to express what will happen to their birthday friend. This ‘badmood’ word is a very common word in youth community to use that refer to their upset, sad, or
bored feeling.
b. Topic-Comment Relative Clauses
When a speaker knows that someone can speaks a language fluently, sometimes they will talk to them in that language. It occurs to continue the utterance of the previous speaker.
The listener can comment on it by using the same language or not. The other situation is when a speaker speaks in Bahasa Indonesia, it could be that the listener will responds it in
English or the way aroumd. For examples :
conversation 5, line 51-52 : “mbak mbak, namanya siapa mbak? “my name is Aprina br Tarigan”
In this example, the first speaker asks the second speaker about her name although, the first speaker has know it, but it shows clearly that the first speaker asks her in Bahasa
Indonesia, but the second speaker answers it in English. it is because the second speaker knows that the first speaker is fluently enough in English yet her sentence is a simple
sentence.
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Conversation 17, line 11-13 : “ si Ade ini tah kenapa lah, ditanya any problem, no
katanya.”
“badmood, badmood” “badmood have reason”.
In this example, the first speaker wonder why her friend being so queer today. She is so quite and looks angry. She asks her through a statement “ditanya any problem, no
katanya”. Then the other speaker comments on it “badmood,badmood”. And the speaker comments with “badmood have reason”. This examples is clearly a topic-comment because
they are comment on other speaker sentence by the same language.
c. Reiteration
