5. The Stop t Deletion
The stop t deletion can be split into two phonological rules. They are stl cluster and st cluster. The deletion is basically occurred because the [t] is
preceded by voiceless alveolar fricative [s]. They can be formulated as follows. a.
Examples:
apostle, Boscastle, bustle, gristle, nestle, mistletoe, Newcastle, Postlethwaite, thistledown
Phonological rule: [t] → Ø [s] __ [l] Description: [t] is deleted when it is preceded by [s] and followed by [l] and
it is at the syllable boundary The first rule is on the cluster stl when it is at the syllable boundary. In
this occurrence, [t] is preceded by [s] and followed by [l]. It can be observed from the features of the consonant that [s] and [l] have similarity in terms of place of
articulation [+alveolar]. Then, in terms of manner of articulation, between [s] and [l] also have adjacent characteristic since they are not completely stop in terms of
the air blockage. That is, [s] is fricatives and [l] is approximant. Compared to [t], the sounds [s] and [l] have more common similarities. Hence, these circumstances
affect the [t] to be deleted the case of homorganic. The examples on this cluster
are the words apostle ə ˈp s əl, Boscastle ˈb s ˌk ːs əl, bustle ˈbʌs əl, gristle
ˈɡr s əl, nestle ˈnes əl, mistletoe ˈm s əl təʊ, Newcastle ˈnjuː ˌk ːs əl, Postlethwaite
ˈp s əl θwe t, and thistledown ˈθ s əl daʊn.
b. Examples:
chasten, christen, fasten, hasten, moisten, soften glisten, listen
Phonological rule: [t] → Ø [s] __ [ən] +
Description: [t] is deleted when it is preceded by [s] and followed by [ ən] at
a morpheme boundary The second rule is also applied for st cluster when it is followed by [
ən] at a morpheme boundary. In this case, the words may contain cluster st that
essentially has no deletion on its root such as in the words chasten
ˈtʃe s ən,
christen ˈkr s ən, fasten ˈf ːs ən, hasten ˈhe s ən, moisten ˈmɔ s ən, soften
ˈs f ən where the [t] in the roots chaste, Christ, fast, haste, moist, and soft in respectively is not deleted. Subsequently, by the lower examples, there are also
words in which the deletion is already applied for the stem like in the words
glisten ˈɡl s ən and listen ˈl s ən. Moreover, this deletion is applied for the base
of the stem such as the words listenable ˈl s ən‿əb əl, listening ˈl s ən ŋ, and
listener
ˈl s ən‿ə.
6. The Stop k Deletion
Kategori