Table 5.
List of Stop Deletion found for the Research No
Stop Deletion Number of Deletion
1. the stop b deletion
112 words 2.
the stop d deletion 16 words
3. the stop g deletion
136 words 4.
the stop p deletion 116 words
5. the stop tdeletion
93 words 6.
the stop k deletion 97 words
7. the stop m deletion
2 words 8.
the stop n deletion 9 words
Total 581 words
In this table, there are 581 words of data collected for this study. They consist of stop deletion b-, d-, g-, p-, t-, k-, m-, and n-deletion. The number of
deletions in the third column represents the occurrence of the deletion in each category. Thus, for this thesis, there are 112 occurrences of b-deletion, 16
occurrences of d-deletion, 136 occurrences of g-deletion, 116 occurrences of p- deletion, 93 occurrences of t-deletion, 97 occurrences of k-deletion, 2 occurrences
of m-deletion, and 9 occurrences of n-deletion in the orthographical consonant
clusters of English words.
2. Data Analysis
In analyzing the data, the more detailed observation was established to find the answer to the three problems of this study. In answering the first problem that
is the types of stop deletion, the classification was made in the form of list which exemplifies the types of deletion. That is, the data were analyzed into the smaller
group based on the types of stop deletion. They are permanent stop deletion, non- permanent stop deletion, and variant-dependent deletion The list of words is
attached in Appendix 2.
In this extent, the type of deletion was classified according to the consistency of the stop deletion occurrence in the other derived words and the
variation of the speech in the pronunciation. If the deletion took place in all position of the similar derived words, they were categorized as the permanent
deletion. For example, in the words climb, climber, and climbing, all b for the
same derived words were deleted. Therefore, they were classified as permanent deletion where the letter representing the sound is not uttered or silent.
Meanwhile, if the deletion only occurred in particular cases of the derived words, they were classified as the non-permanent deletion. For example, the
words design diˈza n and designer diˈzaɪnə underwent g-deletion. However, in
the other derived words like designate ˈdez ɡne t and designation
ˌdez ɡˈne ʃən, the g appeared in the pronunciation. Thus, there is a case of sound muting where the g is deleted in some other derived words and mute for
the others and so does they are classified as non-permanent deletion. Then, if the deletion was inconsistent depending on the regional speech as
in BrE and AmE, they were grouped as variant-dependent deletion. As stated before, the pronunciations taken were the pronunciations that were provided in the
LPD. Thus, it was limited only on BrE and AmE in general. For example, the
words rhomb, grandma, Pnyx and often have varied pronunciations depending on
the area of speech. Therefore, these words were classified as variant-dependent deletion. Moving to the next step, the proportional numbers of members in the
group were taken randomly in accordance with the discussion of each section to fulfill the data analysis and to describe the types of deletion in the research
discussion.
For the second problem that is the phonological rules of stop deletion, the data were firstly analyzed based on the position of the deletion The list of words
is attached in Appendix 3. In this case, the writer classified the deletion into initial position, intermediate position, and final position. The position was
analyzed and classified according to the syllable position in the word. For
instance, in b-deletion, the word bdellium
ˈdeli‿əm was classified as initial
position, the word bomblet
ˈb mlət was classified as the intermediate position,
and the word benumb
biˈnʌm was classified as the final position. This
classification is noteworthy for determining the occurrence of the deletion along with the rules applied for the phonology. By determining the position of the
deletion, the analysis of each type of rule can be taken significantly and accurately.
After that, the patterns of the stop deletion were identified based on phonological classification of the stop deletion and more specifically, the position
of the stop deletion in the word. In this sense, the rule was made based on the occurrence of the same stop deletion in the word together with the phonetic
transcription. Then, the rule of each deletion was made based on the phonological criteria observed in the discovered data. Later, they were generalized into some
basic rules to make them become more utilizable for some deletions. Lastly, the third problem related to non-phonological factors that might
affect the occurrence of stop deletion besides phonology was answered based on the library research through books and relevant sites. The representative
explanations for the occurrence of stop deletion in line with theories and historical perspectives of English were signified for the data analysis. This step was done to
gather the required analysis for the occurrence of stop deletion especially in explaining the historical background of the occurrences of the deletion that affect
the phenomenon of stop deletion in English. Also, by identifying the occurrence of the deletion, the researcher investigates the economical factor in the focus of
practicality and efficiency in speaking. By doing this analysis, the answer which deals primarily with the explanation of the phenomenon of stop deletion in
phonological perspective is in fact also comparatively affected by the historical and the economical factors.
All in all, the last step of the analysis for all the data was drawing conclusions. That is, those important points were noted for findings and research
result. The ways of doing the analysis were basically followed Miles and Huberman 1994 of the qualitative data analysis. That is, the analysis involves
data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing or verification.
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
