still pronounced for the other derived-words. This sound muting particularly occurs in non-permanent deletion.
b. Influence of Syllable Morpheme Boundary to the Deletion
The second characteristic of non-permanent deletion is the influence of syllable and morpheme boundary to the occurrence of the deletion. As stated
previously, there is a certain condition where the deletion may or may not occur. In this extent, there is a phonological conditioning which is applied to determine
the occurrence of the deletion. Likewise, there is a morphological influence in terms of derivation and inflection which affect the incident of the deletion. To
make it more clearly, the words from Table 10 will be modified into Table 11 below.
Table 11. Influence on Syllable Morpheme Boundary in Non-Permanent
Deletion
deletion deletion applied
deletion not applied
g-deletion sig
n ˈsa n signal ˈs ɡ nəl
diaphragm
ˈda ‿ə fræm diaphragmatic
ˌda ‿ə fræɡ ˈmæt k
paradigm
ˈpær ə da m paradigmatic
ˌpær ə d ɡ ˈmæt k n-deletion
autumn
ˈɔːt əm autumnal
ɔː ˈtʌm nəl
column
ˈk l əm columnar k
ə ˈlʌm nə
solemn
ˈs l əm solemnity s
ə ˈlem nət i t-deletion
christ
en ˈkr s ən Christianity ˌkr st i ˈæn ət i
fast
en ˈf ːs ən fastness ˈf ːst nəs
moist
en ˈmɔ s ən moistly ˈmɔ st li
The table above shows the difference between the words where the deletion applied the second column and where it is not the third column. The second
and third columns reveal the occurrence or non-occurrence of the deletion in non- permanent deletion. It can be seen from the table that syllable and morpheme
boundaries have contributions to the happening of stop deletion. The first thing to note from the happening of non-permanent type of
deletion is the position the stop that is deleted on the syllable. For instance, on g-
deletion, the words sign ˈsa n, diaphragm ˈda ‿ə fræm, and paradigm ˈpær ə
da m have the g on the final position of the syllable. Moreover, the final syllable also becomes the final position in the word. However, when it has another syllable
after the stop, the stop then turns into coda. It makes the g pronounce as in the words signal
ˈs ɡ nəl, diaphragmatic ˌda ‿ə fræɡ ˈmæt k, and paradigmatic ˌpær ə d ɡ ˈmæt k. The same occurrence also happens to n-deletion on the
words autumn, column, and solemn compared to the words autumnal, columnar, and solemnity.
The second idea is on the happening of the bound or free morpheme that attached to the root of the word. The example can be seen on t-deletion. The
words christen ˈkr s ən, fasten ˈf ːs ən, and moisten ˈmɔ s ən have -en as a
suffix of causative derived-verb on derivational morphology, Szymanek, 1989: 280. It makes the t become deleted since it is also applied for the same base on
christen-ing ˈkr s ən‿ ŋ, fasten-ing ˈf ːs n ŋ, and fasten-er ˈf ːs nə. However,
the t-deletion is not applied for some other derivation like in the words Christianity
ˌkr st i ˈæn ət i, fastness ˈf ːst nəs, and moistly ˈmɔ st li. Besides, it is noticed that t in the root of these words Christ, fast, and moist is originally
not deleted. Therefore, it can be stated that the occurrence of the deletion is conditionally affected by the affixes which are attached to it.
c. No Dependency on Regional Variations
