this sense, the cluster gl where the [g] is deleted is typically an Italian cluster.
Meanwhile, the examples of gh cluster are the words Callaghan
ˈkæl ə hən
and Monaghan
ˈm n ə hən.
4. The Stop p Deletion
The stop p deletion has two phonological rules for its deletion. According
to the cluster, they can be differentiated into the first group of cluster mpb or mpd, and the second group of clusters pf cluster, pn cluster, ps cluster
and pt cluster. a.
Examples:
Campbell, Campden, Hampden, Miscampbell
Phonological Rule: [p] → Ø [m] __ Description: [p] is deleted when it is preceded by [m] in the coda and
followed by syllable initial [b] or [d] For this first rule of deletion, it can be stated that the [p] is deleted because it
is flanked by two stop consonants. Formerly, it is preceded by bilabial nasal stop [m] and then it is followed by voiced oral stop [b] bilabial or [d] alveolar. To
restate, the cluster mp is followed by an onset of [b] or [d] as the next syllable
in the word. The examples are the words Campbell ˈkæm bəl, Campden ˈkæm
d
ən, Hampden ˈhæm dən, and Miscampbell m ˈskæm bəl. In this sense, it can
be signified that [b] and [d] are closely related in terms of voicing status [+voice] and manner of articulation stop. If we compare this to its counterpart [p] that is
deleted, these three consonants are typically the same. If we look further of the classification of the place feature, these consonants are classified as anterior. The
thing which distinguished [p] with [b] and [d] is the feature of voicing status where [p] is classified as [-voice]. This feature probably explains why [p] is
deleted in the consonant clusters mpb and mpd. b.
Examples: pfennig, Pfizer
pneumonia, pneumococcus, pneumonic psalm, psalter, pseudo, Psion, psoas, psych,
pterodactyl, pterosaur, Ptolemy, ptyalin, receipt
Phonological Rule: [p] → Ø __
Description: [p] is deleted when it is followed by [f], [n], [s], or [t] at the beginning of a word or at the end of the word
The second rule for p-deletion is the clusters pf, pn, ps, and pt
that are positioned in the beginning of a word except for the word receipt
ri ˈsiːt.
The examples of pf cluster are the words pfennig ˈfen ɡ and Pfizer ˈfa z ə.
Then, the examples of pn cluster are the words pneumonia
nju ˈməʊn i‿ə,
pneumococcus ˌnjuːm əʊ ˈk k əs, and pneumonic nju ˈm n k. The instances of
ps cluster are the words psalm s ːm, psalter ˈsɔːlt ə, pseudo ˈsjuːd əʊ,
Psion ˈsa n, psoas ˈsəʊ æs, psych sa k and the examples of pt cluster are
the words pterodactyl ˌter əʊ ˈdækt l, pterosaur ˈter ə sɔː, Ptolemy ˈt l əm i,
and ptyalin
ˈta ‿əl n.
5. The Stop t Deletion
