two matters are the basic distinctions that can be generated on this study compared to the above related studies that have been presented.
C. Theoretical Framework
The study is generally based on the phonological theory of stop deletion and the historical theory about the orthography of letter silencing that mostly occurs in
English. The assumption of this research is that stop deletion can be noticed in terms of their types, phonological environment and historical background.
Therefore, the phonological rules for stop deletion can be designated distinctly and the historical explanation can be gathered for the permanent stop deletion.
As stated previously, the purpose of this study is to identify types, phonological rules, and the accounts for stop deletion in English. In this extent,
this study attempts to answer three research questions: 1 What types of stop deletion are found in English? 2 What are the phonological rules of stop deletion
in English words? and 3 What non-phonological factors may affect occurrence of stop deletion in English? In this point, those three research problems can be
framed together with the theories provided in this chapter as the following. Firstly, theories of stop deletion, stop sounds, and licit consonant clusters in
English are used to help the writer in identifying the types of stop deletion that are found in English. By underlining these theories, the classification of stop deletion
can be exemplified in more definite way. That is, the types of stop deletion can be categories into three. They are permanent deletion, non-permanent and variety
dependent deletion. The permanent deletion is related to the historical orthography. Meanwhile, stop deletion and English varieties can be recognized in
non-permanent deletion and variety dependent deletion. Thus, in reference to the theories provided, the answer to first problem can be resolved extensively.
Secondly, theories of consonant articulation, phonological classification of stop in English, phonological rule, and phonological analysis are utilized to aid
the writer in designating the phonological rules for stop deletion in English. In reference to the theories, the rules for stop deletion, especially for non-permanent
deletion can be gained significantly. That is, non permanent deletion is associated with phonological conditioning that occurs in derived words. In this case, the stop
can be deleted in particular phenomena as in syntagm ˈs ntæm and resign
riˈza n and but not in syntagmatic ˌs ntæɡmæt k and resignation ˌrez ɡˈne ʃən. In this extent, the rules can be argued as phonological phenomena in English
words. Besides, for permanent deletion, the case of consonant cluster can help in denoting the behavior of the systematic mute that occurs to the stop in the
consonant clusters, especially in dealing with nasals. The instances are in the
words comb ko ʊm, Arendt ˈ ːrənt, gnome noʊm, pneumonia njuˈməʊni‿ə,
and knight na t. In the essence, the rules of stop deletion can be noted
appropriately through the theories provided. Thirdly, the theories of sound muting, sounds and spellings, the nature of
phonology and orthography, lexical borrowing, and the relation between orthography and spoken language are applied to seek the achievable explanation
for the non-phonological factors that might affect the occurrence of stop deletion in English. The theory of sounds and spellings are significant in describing how
certain sounds can be muted in pronunciation. After that, the accounts of consonant loss and word borrowing are also substantial in perceiving the
phenomenon of stop deletion that occurs in English. Then, the historical orthography may explain the impact of these occurrences to the existence of the
stops in the written form instead of its mute in pronunciation. Those theories can help the writer in explaining more thoroughly about the motive behind this
deletion besides the matter of phonology.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter deals with the methodology employed in conducting the research. Subsequently, this study consists of three sections. They are data of the
study and data source, approach, and method of the study. The first section discusses about the description of the data and the sources of the data study. The
second section notes the approach that will be used in analyzing the data. Lastly, the third part notifies data collection and data analysis for the study.
A. Data of the Study and Data Source
This research can be stated as a phonological study in nature that observes particular sound, in this case is dealing with stop deletion. Data for this study are
in the form of English words from the initial letter A to Z that contain stop deletion p, t, k, b, d, g, m, and n in the consonant cluster. Meanwhile,
ŋ deletion is excluded from the study since that deletion is not observed by the analysis. The stop deletions observed are in the form of sound muting and letter
silencing. In this study, pronunciations provided in the appendices are British English
BrE and American English AmE as in the original form of the source, Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
. In this case, the difference between the BrE and AmE is adequately beneficial as a distinctive feature in defining stop deletion,
especially in particular variation of pronouncing words variety-dependent deletion. However, if there is a need to provide the example in the explanation
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