Non-permanent Condition in Other Derived Words

deleted in in BrE non-rhotic while r is pronounced in AmE rhotic. Despite all differences, the significant similarity that can be signified from the data exemplified above is the deletion of the stops b, d, g, p, t, k, m, and n which still occurs in BrE and AmE pronunciation.

2. Non-permanent Deletion

The second type of deletion is non-permanent deletion. It can be stated as the deletion which occurs in particular event. That is, the deletion occurs in some marked words but it does not happen in some other derived words. In this case, the deletion can be argued to take place because of the phonological conditioning. In line with this phenomenon, it can be assumed that the deletion is not permanent in all derived-words. In this study, there are 59 words observed in non-permanent deletion. This deletion does not as many as the first permanent deletion. There are only three types of deletion including g-deletion 28 words, t-deletion 24 words, and n- deletion 7 words. With reference to the data observed on this type of deletion, the characteristics of non-permanent deletion also can be stated. In this sense, there are at least three characteristics that can be asserted. These characteristics are mainly compared with the other two types of deletion analyzed for this study. They are exemplified as follows.

a. Non-permanent Condition in Other Derived Words

The first characteristic that differentiates this type of deletion especially with permanent deletion is the dependency of the deletion in the derived-words. It means that the deletion is not always applicable for all derived-words of the same root and vice versa. The examples can be seen in Table 10 below. Table 10. The Occurrence of Deletion in Non-Permanent Deletion deletion root deletion applied deletion not applied g-deletion sign sa n sign sa n assign ə ˈsa n design di ˈza n resig n ri ˈza n signal ˈs ɡ nəl assignat ˈæs ɡ næt designate ˈdez ɡ nət resignationˌrez ɡˈne ʃən diaphragm ˈda ‿ə fræm diaphragm ˈda ‿ə fræm diaphragmatic ˌda ‿ə fræɡ ˈmæt k diaphragmatically ˌda ‿ə fræɡˈmæt k ə l‿i paradigm ˈpær ə da m paradigm ˈpær ə da m paradigmatic ˌpær ə d ɡ ˈmæt k paradigmatically ˌpær ə d ɡ ˈmæt k ə l‿i n-deletion autumn ɔːt əm autumn ˈɔːt əm autumnal ɔː ˈtʌm nəl column ˈk l əm column ˈk l əm columnar k ə ˈlʌm nə solemn ˈs l əm solemn ˈs l əm solemnity s ə ˈlem nət i solemnizeˈs l əm na z t-deletion Christ kra st christen ˈkr s ən christening ˈkr s ən‿ ŋ Christmas ˈkr s məs Christabel ˈkr st ə bel Christchurch ˈkra st tʃ ːtʃ Christianity ˌkr st i ˈæn ət i fast f ːst fast en ˈf ːs ən fast ener ˈf ːs nə fast ening ˈf ːs n ŋ fastness ˈf ːst nəs fastball ˈf ːst bɔːl moist m ɔ st moist en ˈmɔ s ən moist enerˈmɔ s ənə moistening ˈmɔ s ən ŋ moistly ˈmɔ st li moistness ˈmɔ st nəs moisture ˈmɔ s tʃə It can be seen in the table that the g-, t-, and n-deletion have some forms in English that from the same root, some words have deletions and some others do not have deletions. For g-deletion, the examples are the root sign, diaphragm, and paradigm. The words sign, assign, design, resign, diaphragm, and paradigm have g-deletion on them. Nevertheless, g-deletion is not applied in the words signal, assignat, designate, resignation, diaphragmatic, diaphragmatically, paradigmatic, and paradigmatically. The same occurrence also happens to the n-deletion. It is applied for the words like autumn, column and solemn where the n is mute. Meanwhile, in autumnal, columnar, solemnity, and solemnize the n is not deleted or still pronounced. And the last is for the t-deletion. There are at least three roots of words that can be observed from this deletion. They are Christ, fast, and moist. In the words christen, christening, Christmas, fasten, fastener, fastening, moistening, moisten, and moistener, the t is mute. However, the t is not mute in the words Christianity, Christabel, Christchurch, fastness, fastball, moistly, moistness, and moisture. A further observation will show that these three deletions can be compared according to the occurrence of the deletion. That is, in g-deletion and n-deletion, the deletion occurs in the root of the words and then the deletion is applicable in some derived-words and not applicable in some other derived words. Conversely, in t-deletion, the deletion is basically not applicable for the root of the words. In spite of this condition, some of the words undergo the mute for t and some other still have t on it. For this reason, the occurrence of the deletion for this second type is called as sound muting. That is, the sound which is mute for certain condition since it is still pronounced for the other derived-words. This sound muting particularly occurs in non-permanent deletion.

b. Influence of Syllable Morpheme Boundary to the Deletion