Description: [t] is deleted when it is preceded by [s] and followed by [ ən] at
a morpheme boundary The second rule is also applied for st cluster when it is followed by [
ən] at a morpheme boundary. In this case, the words may contain cluster st that
essentially has no deletion on its root such as in the words chasten
ˈtʃe s ən,
christen ˈkr s ən, fasten ˈf ːs ən, hasten ˈhe s ən, moisten ˈmɔ s ən, soften
ˈs f ən where the [t] in the roots chaste, Christ, fast, haste, moist, and soft in respectively is not deleted. Subsequently, by the lower examples, there are also
words in which the deletion is already applied for the stem like in the words
glisten ˈɡl s ən and listen ˈl s ən. Moreover, this deletion is applied for the base
of the stem such as the words listenable ˈl s ən‿əb əl, listening ˈl s ən ŋ, and
listener
ˈl s ən‿ə.
6. The Stop k Deletion
The k deletion has one phonological rule. All positions i.e. initial and
intermediate position of the deletion in the word can be unified into one rule of deletion. It is the cluster kn where [k] is followed by nasal alveolar stop [n].
They can be formed as below. Examples:
knack, knee, knife, knob, knock, knurl unknit, unknot, unknown,
antiknock, breadknife, doorknob, slipknot
Phonological rule: [k] → Ø __ [n] Description: [k] is deleted when it is followed by [n] at the beginning of a
word or a morpheme boundary
The [k] is basically deleted when it is followed by nasal [n]. The cluster kn in this sense can be differentiated according to its boundary. It can be at the
beginning of a word such as in the words knack næk, knee niː, knife na f,
knob n b, knock n k, and knurl n
ːl. Also, it can occur at a morpheme
boundary like in the words unknit ˌʌn ˈn t, unknot ˌʌn ˈn t, unknown ˌʌn
ˈnəʊn, as well as antiknock ˌænt i ˈn k, breadknife ˈbred na f, doorknob ˈdɔː n b, and slipknot
ˈsl p n t.
7. The Stop m Deletion
The stop m deletion has one phonological rule since it only happens in initial position of the word and only has two words for the deletion. In this
deletion, the nasal [m] is followed by another nasal [n]. Examples:
mnemonic, Mnemosyne
Phonological rule: [m] → Ø __ [n] Description: [m] is deleted when it is followed by [n] at the beginning of a
word In this phonological rule, both [m] and [n] can be stated as having identical
features of [+nasal] and [+stop]. They are distinctive in terms of place articulation where [m] is bilabial and [n] is alveolar. From the two words exist as data of the
study, it can be stated that [m] is mute when it is followed by [n] as in the words
mnemonic n
ˈm n k, and Mnemosyne ni ˈm z n. It also happens in the
beginning of a word or more precisely, at the initial position of a word.
8. The Stop n Deletion
